Effects of postnatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on offspring pro-resolving mediators of inflammation at 6 months and 5 years of age: A double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. (November 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: See, V.H.L.; Mas, E.; Prescott, S.L.; Beilin, L.J.; Burrows, S.; Barden, A.E.; Huang, R.C.; Mori, T.A.
• Is Part Of: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. Volume 126(2017)
• Page Start: 126
• Page End: 132
• Publication Date: 2017-11
• Subjects: SPM specialised pro-resolving mediators -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- 18-HEPE 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid -- 10 S 17S-DiHDoHE, 10 S, 17S-dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid -- 14-HpDHA 14-hydroperoxydocosahexaenoic acid -- 14-HDHA 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid -- 17-HpDHA 17-hydroperoxydocosahexaenoic acid -- 17-HDHA 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid -- RvE1 ResolvinE1 -- RvE2 Resolvin E2 -- RvE3 Resolvin E3 -- 18R-RvE3 18R-Resolvin E3 -- RvD1 Resolvin D1 -- 17R-RvD1 17R-Resolvin D1 -- RvD2 Resolvin D2 -- MaR-1 Maresin 1 -- LTB4 leukotriene B4 -- PD1 Protectin 1; Lipids -- Periodicals; Unsaturated fatty acids -- Periodicals; Prostaglandins -- Periodicals; Leukotrienes -- Periodicals; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- Periodicals; Acides gras insaturés -- Périodiques; Prostaglandines -- Périodiques; Leucotriènes -- Périodiques; Lipides -- Périodiques; 612.01577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-3278

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Resolution of inflammation is an active process involving specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) generated from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during infancy may provide an intervention strategy to modify SPMs and reduce oxidative stress. This study evaluates the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in infancy on SPMs and F2 -isoprostanes from 6 months to 5 years of age. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study design, 420 infants were randomized to a daily supplement of omega-3 fatty acids (280 mg DHA and 110 mg EPA) or olive oil (control), from birth to age 6 months. Blood was collected at birth (cord blood), 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. Plasma SPMs included 18-HEPE, E-series resolvins, 17-HDHA, D-series resolvins, 14-HDHA, 10 S, 17S-DiHDoHE, MaR1 and PD1. F2 -isoprostanes were measured in plasma and urine, as markers of oxidative stress in vivo . Results: The change in the concentration of 18-HEPE from birth to 6 months was greater in the omega-3 fatty acid group ( P timepoint*group =0.04) with levels at 6 months significantly higher than controls ( P =0.02). Other SPMs were not different between the groups at any time point. Plasma 18-HEPE concentration were associated with erythrocyte EPA concentrations after age and group adjustments ( P <0.001), but not with allergic outcomes at 12 months. There were no between-group differences in plasma and urinary F2 -isoprostanes at any time point. Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation from birth to 6 months of age increased SPM at 6 months but the effects were not sustained after supplementation ceased. Given that 18-HEPE is a biologically active metabolite, future studies should examine how the increase in 18-HEPE relates to potential health benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in infancy. Highlights: Omega-3 fatty acid in infancy is proposed to have an effect in the child. Supplementation in infancy significantly increased plasma SPMs at 6 months. Supplementation did not affect biomarkers of oxidative stress in the child.