Xylitol toxicosis in dogs. (2nd April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bates, Nicola
• Is Part Of: Companion animal. Volume 24:Number 4(2019)
• Page Start: 182
• Page End: 187
• Publication Date: 2019-04-02
• Subjects: poisoning -- toxicology -- xylitol -- hypoglycaemia -- hepatotoxicity; Veterinary medicine -- Periodicals; Pet medicine -- Periodicals; 636.08905
• DOI: 10.12968/coan.2019.24.4.182
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2053-0889

Abstract

Abstract : Xylitol is toxic to dogs, causing hypoglycaemia and, in some cases, liver failure. This sweetener is found in many foods, medicines and confectionary, particularly chewing gums, because it has anticaries properties and a low glycaemic index. The most common source of xylitol poisoning in dogs is chewing gum, in which the xylitol content can vary enormously. In addition, granulated xylitol is available as a sugar substitute for baking. Xylitol-induced hypoglycaemia may be rapid in onset or, as is often the case with chewing gums, delayed for several hours. Elevated liver enzymes may be apparent within a few hours in some cases. Treatment is aimed at monitoring blood glucose and correcting hypoglycaemia, and protecting the liver. Dogs can survive high doses of xylitol with prompt aggressive treatment. In contrast, xylitol-induced hypoglycaemia and liver failure is not seen in cats, rabbits or rodents, but poisoning has been reported in birds.