Storm-time mesoscale field-aligned currents and interplanetary parameters. (15th November 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Adero Ochieng, A.; Vichare, Geeta; Baki, Paul; Cilliers, Pierre; Kotze, Pieter; Xiong, Chao; Sinha, Ashwini Kumar
• Is Part Of: Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics. Volume 195(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-11-15
• Subjects: Mesoscale field-aligned currents -- Geomagnetic storms -- Local time variation of FAC -- Interplanetary conditions; Geophysics -- Periodicals; Atmospheric physics -- Periodicals; Géophysique -- Périodiques; Météorologie physique -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 551.51
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.105131
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-6826

Abstract

Abstract: Present paper studies Field aligned currents (FACs) estimated by employing Ampere's law to the magnetic field recorded by CHAMP satellite during 24 geomagnetic storms. Low-pass filtered FACs with a cutoff period of 20 s (scale size~150 km) are used to determine FAC range, which is defined as a peak-to-peak amplitude of FAC density. Thus we are considering only the strongest positive and negative FACs emerging either from Region 1, Region 2, Region 0, or substorm current wedge systems. It is known that the FACs significantly depend on the highly variable solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions and also on the processes internal to magnetospheric-ionospheric system such as substorm. The correlation analysis carried out here shows that sometimes the FAC range, correlates well with SymH, AsyH, AsyD, AL, am and Kp indices (>95% significance), but not always. The variation of the FAC range with magnetic local times shows distinctly different patterns during southward and northward IMF conditions, with peaks near dawn-dusk during southward IMF and near local noon-midnight during northward IMF. These results are in agreement with the earlier reports. However, the seasonal dependence reveals that the noon time peak is essentially associated with the summer season. We have determined a new parameter called 'occurrence rate of FAC range ≥1 μA/m 2 ' and examined it under various solar wind and IMF conditions. It is found that the probability of FAC range ≥1 μA/m 2 have a clear dependence on the clock angle, suggesting more frequent intensifications during southward IMF. Clear linear dependence on the cone angle demonstrates higher occurrence probability of FAC range ≥ 1 μA/m 2 when the IMF is perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line (cone angle nearing 90°). All these results based on the newly defined parameters such as FAC range and probability of FAC range ≥1 μA/m 2, for the storm time mesoscale FAC are consistent with the previous studies. The FAC ranges are found to have a linear dependence on the values of IMF BY, BYZ, BT and BZ, though saturation is apparent at higher values of the IMF parameters. FAC range shows distinctly different dependence for slow and fast solar wind, suggesting the importance of the composition and properties of SW in controlling the FAC strengths. Highlights: Correlation analysis of FAC range (peak-to-peak amplitude of FAC density) with SymH, AsyH, AsyD, AL, am and Kp indices. Noon time peak in the MLT pattern of the mesoscale FAC range is observed during summer, irrespective of IMF orientation. Higher occurrence probability of FAC range ≥ 1 μA/m 2 during stronger IMF & SW parameters and for cone angle nearing 90 deg. Dependence of FAC range is distinctly different for slow and fast solar wind" as last bullet point.