Imaging in mice and men: Pathophysiological insights into multiple sclerosis from conventional and advanced MRI techniques. (November 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Krämer, Julia; Brück, Wolfgang; Zipp, Frauke; Cerina, Manuela; Groppa, Sergiu; Meuth, Sven G.
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 182(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-11
• Subjects: MRI -- Multiple sclerosis -- Mouse model -- Pathophysiology -- Histopathology -- Translational research; ABH acute black hole -- AD axial diffusivity -- ADC apparent diffusion coefficient -- APP anti-amyloid precursor protein -- BBB blood–brain barrier -- BH black hole -- BSCB blood–spinal cord barrier -- CC corpus callosum -- CFA complete Freund's adjuvant -- CIS clinically isolated syndrome -- CL cortical lesion -- CNPase cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase -- CNS central nervous system -- Cre creatine/phosphocreatine -- CSF cerebrospinal fluid -- Cup cuprizone -- "Cup-EAE" cuprizone-fed mice with additional immunization with MOG35-55 -- "Cup" mice cuprizone-fed mice -- DAPI 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole -- DD disease duration -- DIR double inversion recovery -- DTI diffusion tensor imaging -- EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis -- EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale -- EPI echo-planar imaging -- FA fractional anisotropy -- F female -- FFE fast field echo -- FLAIR fluid-attenuated inversion recovery -- FLASH Fast Low-Angle Shot -- FSE fast spin-echo -- GAP growth associated protein -- Gd Gadolinium -- DTPA diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid -- FOV field of view -- GEL Gadolinium-enhancing lesion -- GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein -- GLUT glucose transporter -- GM grey matter -- HC healthy control -- H & E Hematoxylin and eosin -- Ig Immunoglobulin -- LFB Luxol fast blue -- LFB/PAS Luxol Fast Blue and Periodic Acid Schiff -- LMI leptomeningeal inflammation -- L-N Luxol-Nissl -- MAP microtubule associated protein -- MBP Myelin basic protein -- MD mean diffusivity -- MOG myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- MRP myeloid-related protein -- MRS magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- MS multiple sclerosis -- MT magnetization transfer -- MTI magnetization transfer imaging -- MTR magnetization transfer ratio -- MWF myelin water fraction -- N number -- NAA N-acetyl aspartate -- NABT normal-appearing brain tissue -- NAGM normal-appearing grey matter -- NAWM normal-appearing white matter -- NeuN neuronal nuclei -- NF neurofilament protein -- N/P not performed -- OPC oligodendrocyte precursor cell -- PBH permanent black hole -- PCR polymerase chain reaction -- PD proton density -- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor -- PDw proton density-weighted -- PLP proteolipid protein -- pNF non-phosphorylated neurofilament -- PPMS primary progressive multiple sclerosis -- PRESS Point-RESolved Spectroscopy -- PSIR phase-sensitive inversion recovery -- PTX pertussis toxin -- qMT quantitative magnetization transfer -- RA relative anisotropy -- RAG recombination activation gene -- RARE rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement -- RD radial diffusivity -- RF radiofrequency -- RIS radiologically isolated syndrome -- RNS reactive nitrogen species -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- ROI region of interest -- RRMS relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis -- SDGM subcortical deep grey matter -- SE spin-echo -- SNR signal-to-noise-ratio -- SPMS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis -- STEAM single-shot stimulated echo acquisition mode -- SYN Synaptophysin -- TBH transient black hole -- TE echo time -- TR relaxation time -- TMEV Theiler's murine encephalitis virus -- TSE urbo spin-echo -- TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling -- T1w T1-weighted -- T2w T2-weighted -- USPIOs ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides -- VSOP very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particle -- WM white matter -- WML WM lesion; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101663
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Highlights: This review summarizes MRI and histopathological studies in mice and humans with MS. Hereby it partially elucidates the underlying pathophysiology behind imaging findings. It recommends imaging protocols for the future examination of different aspects of MS. Further in vivo imaging and histopathological studies in MS mouse models are necessary. A combination of imaging techniques is necessary to examine the pathophysiology of MS. Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important tool for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, MRI is still unable to precisely quantify the specific pathophysiological processes that underlie imaging findings in MS. Because autopsy and biopsy samples of MS patients are rare and biased towards a chronic burnt-out end or fulminant acute early stage, the only available methods to identify human disease pathology are to apply MRI techniques in combination with subsequent histopathological examination to small animal models of MS and to transfer these insights to MS patients. This review summarizes the existing combined imaging and histopathological studies performed in MS mouse models and humans with MS ( in vivo and ex vivo ), to promote a better understanding of the pathophysiology that underlies conventional MRI, diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer imaging findings in MS patients. Moreover, it provides a critical view on imaging capabilities and results in MS patients and mouse models and for future studies recommends how to combine those particular MR sequences and parameters whose underlying pathophysiological basis could be partly clarified. Further combined longitudinal in vivo imaging and histopathological studies on rationally selected, appropriate mouse models are required.