Effects of fuel-injection systems on particle emission characteristics of gasoline vehicles. (15th November 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Choi, Yonghyun; Lee, Jongtae; Jang, Jihwan; Park, Sungwook
• Is Part Of: Atmospheric environment. Volume 217(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-11-15
• Subjects: Port fuel injection -- Gasoline direct injection -- Fuel-injection pressure -- Organic carbon -- Elemental carbon; Air -- Pollution -- Periodicals; Air -- Pollution -- Meteorological aspects -- Periodicals; 551.51
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116941
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1352-2310

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, the particle emission characteristics of gasoline vehicles with four different types of spark ignition engines, i.e., port fuel-injection (PFI), 150-bar side-mounted gasoline direct-injection (GDI), 200-bar side-mounted GDI, and 200-bar center-mounted GDI vehicles, were evaluated using Federal Test Procedure-75 (FTP-75) and worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). Particulate matter (PM), particle number (PN), and organic carbon/elemental carbon ratio (OC/EC) were evaluated using a PM holder, a solid particle counting system, and an OC/EC analyzer. The results of the PM and PN emissions tests indicated that GDI 200-bar vehicles emitted less than GDI 150-bar vehicles, and center-mounted vehicles emitted less than side-mounted vehicles. PFI vehicles showed 15% higher PN emission rates compared with GDI vehicles during acceleration conditions in FTP-75 mode. Additionally, PN emissions in WLTC hot mode indicated that speed affects PFI vehicles more than GDI vehicles. Furthermore, PFI vehicles did not show significant PN emissions in a low-speed phase, even at high acceleration. PFI vehicles showed 15% higher PN emission rates compared with GDI vehicles while accelerating in FTP-75 mode. PFI and GDI side-mounted vehicles showed higher OC emission rates in hot mode than in cold mode. Highlights: Effects of four different gasoline vehicles on particle emission were studied. High-pressure injection reduces PM and PN emissions. During acceleration, PFI vehicle showed higher PN emission rate than GDI vehicles. PFI, GDI side mount vehicles OC/EC emissions were affected by engine warm-up.