Cross-sectional study of the prevalence, causes and management of hospital-onset diarrhoea. Issue 2 (October 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mawer, D.; Byrne, F.; Drake, S.; Brown, C.; Prescott, A.; Warne, B.; Bousfield, R.; Skittrall, J.P.; Ramsay, I.; Somasunderam, D.; Bevan, M.; Coslett, J.; Rao, J.; Stanley, P.; Kennedy, A.; Dobson, R.; Long, S.; Obisanya, T.; Esmailji, T.; Petridou, C.; Saeed, K.; Brechany, K.; Davis-Blue, K.; O'Horan, H.; Wake, B.; Martin, J.; Featherstone, J.; Hall, C.; Allen, J.; Johnson, G.; Hornigold, C.; Amir, N.; Henderson, K.; McClements, C.; Liew, I.; Deshpande, A.; Vink, E.; Trigg, D.; Guilfoyle, J.; Scarborough, M.; Scarborough, C.; Wong, T.H.N.; Walker, T.; Fawcett, N.; Morris, G.; Tomlin, K.; Grix, C.; O'Cofaigh, E.; McCaffrey, D.; Cooper, M.; Corbett, K.; French, K.; Harper, S.; Hayward, C.; Reid, M.; Whatley, V.; Winfield, J.; Hoque, S.; Kelly, L.; King, I.; Bradley, A.; McCullagh, B.; Hibberd, C.; Merron, M.; McCabe, C.; Horridge, S.; Taylor, J.; Koo, S.; Elsanousi, F.; Saunders, R.; Lim, F.; Bond, A.; Stone, S.; Milligan, I.D.; Mack, D.J.F.; Nagar, A.; West, R.M.; Wilcox, M.H.; Kirby, A.; Sandoe, J.A.T.;
• Is Part Of: Journal of hospital infection. Volume 103:Issue 2(2019)
• Page Start: 200
• Page End: 209
• Publication Date: 2019-10
• Subjects: Diarrhoea -- Nosocomial -- Hospital onset -- Hospital acquired -- Clostridium difficile; Cross infection -- Periodicals; Cross infection -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Nosocomial infections -- Periodicals; Nosocomial infections -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Cross Infection -- Periodicals; Cross Infection -- prevention & control -- Periodicals; Infection Control -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 614.44
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.05.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0195-6701

Abstract

Summary: Background: The National Health Service in England advises hospitals collect data on hospital-onset diarrhoea (HOD). Contemporaneous data on HOD are lacking. Aim: To investigate prevalence, aetiology and management of HOD on medical, surgical and elderly-care wards. Methods: A cross-sectional study in a volunteer sample of UK hospitals, which collected data on one winter and one summer day in 2016. Patients admitted ≥72 h were screened for HOD (definition: ≥2 episodes of Bristol Stool Type 5–7 the day before the study, with diarrhoea onset >48 h after admission). Data on HOD aetiology and management were collected prospectively. Findings: Data were collected on 141 wards in 32 hospitals (16 acute, 16 teaching). Point-prevalence of HOD was 4.5% (230/5142 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9–5.0%). Teaching hospital HOD prevalence (5.9%, 95% CI 5.1–6.9%) was twice that of acute hospitals (2.8%, 95% CI 2.1–3.5%; odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.7–3.0). At least one potential cause was identified in 222/230 patients (97%): 107 (47%) had a relevant underlying condition, 125 (54%) were taking antimicrobials, and 195 (85%) other medication known to cause diarrhoea. Nine of 75 tested patients were Clostridium difficile toxin positive (4%). Eighty (35%) patients had a documented medical assessment of diarrhoea. Documentation of HOD in medical notes correlated with testing for C. difficile (78% of those tested vs 38% not tested, P <0.001). One-hundred and forty-four (63%) patients were not isolated following diarrhoea onset. Conclusion: HOD is a prevalent symptom affecting thousands of patients across the UK health system each day. Most patients had multiple potential causes of HOD, mainly iatrogenic, but only a third had medical assessment. Most were not tested for C. difficile and were not isolated.