Left ventricular thrombus formation in myocardial infarction is associated with altered left ventricular blood flow energetics. (22nd August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Garg, Pankaj; van der Geest, Rob J; Swoboda, Peter P; Crandon, Saul; Fent, Graham J; Foley, James R J; Dobson, Laura E; Al Musa, Tarique; Onciul, Sebastian; Vijayan, Sethumadhavan; Chew, Pei G; Brown, Louise A E; Bissell, Malenka; Hassell, Mariëlla E C J; Nijveldt, Robin; Elbaz, Mohammed S M; Westenberg, Jos J M; Dall'Armellina, Erica; Greenwood, John P; Plein, Sven
• Is Part Of: European heart journal. Volume 20:Number 1(2019)
• Page Start: 108
• Page End: 117
• Publication Date: 2018-08-22
• Subjects: thrombosis -- myocardial infarction -- magnetic resonance imaging -- fluid dynamics -- flow imaging; Cardiovascular system -- Imaging -- Periodicals; Heart -- Imaging -- Periodicals; 616.10754
• DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey121
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2047-2404

Abstract

Abstract: Aims: The main aim of this study was to characterize changes in the left ventricular (LV) blood flow kinetic energy (KE) using four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with/without LV thrombus (LVT). Methods and results: This is a prospective cohort study of 108 subjects [controls = 40, MI patients without LVT (LVT− = 36), and MI patients with LVT (LVT+ = 32)]. All underwent CMR including whole-heart 4D flow. LV blood flow KE wall calculated using the formula:K E = 1 2 ρ b l o o d . V v o x e l . v 2, where ρ = density, V = volume, v = velocity, and was indexed to LV end-diastolic volume. Patient with MI had significantly lower LV KE components than controls ( P < 0.05). LVT+ and LVT− patients had comparable infarct size and apical regional wall motion score ( P > 0.05). The relative drop in A-wave KE from mid-ventricle to apex and the proportion of in-plane KE were higher in patients with LVT+ compared with LVT− (87 ± 9% vs. 78 ± 14%, P = 0.02; 40 ± 5% vs. 36 ± 7%, P = 0.04, respectively). The time difference of peak E-wave KE demonstrated a significant rise between the two groups (LVT−: 38 ± 38 ms vs. LVT+: 62 ± 56 ms, P = 0.04). In logistic-regression, the relative drop in A-wave KE (beta = 11.5, P = 0.002) demonstrated the strongest association with LVT. Conclusion: Patients with MI have reduced global LV flow KE. Additionally, MI patients with LVT have significantly reduced and delayed wash-in of the LV. The relative drop of distal intra-ventricular A-wave KE, which represents the distal late-diastolic wash-in of the LV, is most strongly associated with the presence of LVT.