Politics in Gorakhpur since the 1920s: the making of a safe 'Hindu' constituency. Issue 1 (2nd January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chaturvedi, Shashank; Gellner, David N.; Pandey, Sanjay Kumar
• Is Part Of: Contemporary South Asia. Volume 27:Issue 1(2019)
• Page Start: 40
• Page End: 57
• Publication Date: 2019-01-02
• Subjects: Uttar Pradesh -- Hindutva -- muscular politics -- Hindu-Muslim relations -- caste; South Asia -- Periodicals; 954
• DOI: 10.1080/09584935.2018.1521785
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0958-4935

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The city of Gorakhpur presents what may be a unique, and is certainly an unusual, configuration of religion and politics. The sitting MP from 1998 to 2017, Yogi Adityanath, a Hindu monk, had one of the safest seats in India and won five parliamentary elections in a row, a career that culminated in his appointment as the BJP Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 2017. Adityanath was both an effective constituency MP and the head of a thriving Math (Hindu monastic temple). Gorakhpur used to be famous for its lawless image and gang warfare. We seek to explain how politics in Gorakhpur have evolved through three distinct periods: (1) Congress hegemony and Hindu-Muslim harmony at the local level; (2) intensified caste competition and the rise of muscular politics; (3) the impact of new caste politics (with the rise of caste-based parties such as the SP and BSP), with the Math as the focus of Gorakhpur's ever-stronger Hindu-based political identity. The BJP's loss of the Gorakhpur seat in 2018, in a by-election consequent on Adityanath's elevation to Chief Minister of UP, may be interpreted as a (probably temporary) rejection of the BJP, but it does not represent a loss of influence by the Math.