Preparing for hard times: Scalp and intracranial physiological signatures of proactive cognitive control. (8th June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: De Loof, Esther; Vassena, Eliana; Janssens, Clio; De Taeye, Leen; Meurs, Alfred; Van Roost, Dirk; Boon, Paul; Raedt, Robrecht; Verguts, Tom
• Is Part Of: Psychophysiology. Volume 56:Number 10(2019)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2019-06-08
• Subjects: alpha rhythm -- attention -- cognitive control -- EEG -- motivation -- oscillation/time frequency analyses; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13417
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0048-5772

Abstract

Abstract: Based on reward and difficulty information, people can strategically adjust proactive cognitive control. fMRI research shows that motivated proactive control is implemented through fronto‐parietal control networks that are triggered by reward and difficulty cues. Here, we investigate electrophysiological signatures of proactive control. Previously, the contingent negative variation (CNV) in the ERPs and oscillatory power in the theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha band (8–14 Hz) have been suggested as signatures of control implementation. However, experimental designs did not always separate control implementation from motor preparation. Critically, we used a mental calculation task to investigate effects of proactive control implementation on the CNV and on theta and alpha power, in absence of motor preparation. In the period leading up to task onset, we found a more negative CNV, increased theta power, and decreased alpha power for hard versus easy calculations, showing increased proactive control implementation when a difficult task was expected. These three measures also correlated with behavioral performance, both across trials and across subjects. In addition to scalp EEG in healthy participants, we collected intracranial local field potential recordings in an epilepsy patient. We observed a slow‐drift component that was more pronounced for hard trials in a hippocampal location, possibly reflecting task‐specific preparation for hard mental calculations. The current study thus shows that difficulty information triggers proactive control in absence of motor preparation and elucidates its neurophysiological signatures. Abstract : The electrophysiological signature of proactive cognitive control is not well known, particularly because earlier studies did not clearly differentiate cognitive from motor preparation. We separated cognitive and motor preparation by several seconds, and provide event‐related potential (specifically, CNV), theta power, and alpha power signatures of subjects preparing for a difficult cognitive task. We further observe a CNV‐like effect in a hippocampal electrode measured intracranially during the same task in an epilepsy patient. We also observe across‐subject and across‐trial correlations of these measures with behavioral performance, strongly suggesting that they reflect proactive cognitive control processes. These results provide important constraints on theories of proactive cognitive control.