A Review of Bow-Tie Antennas for GPR Applications. Issue 4 (4th July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nayak, Rashmiranjan; Maiti, Subrata
• Is Part Of: IETE technical review. Volume 36:Issue 4(2019)
• Page Start: 382
• Page End: 397
• Publication Date: 2019-07-04
• Subjects: Balun -- Bow-tie antenna -- Cavity-backed antennas -- GPR -- Meta-material lens -- Radiation efficiency -- R-loading -- RC-loading -- RL-loading -- UWB antennas; Telecommunication -- Periodicals; Electronics -- Periodicals; Electronics; Telecommunication; Periodicals; 621.38
• DOI: 10.1080/02564602.2018.1492357
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0256-4602

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a special type of radar, which uses electromagnetic (EM) wave to detect the buried objects in the shallow subsurface. The overall efficiency and performance of the GPR system significantly depend on the quality of the acquired data and hence on the antenna and transceiver electronics sensor used in GPR surveying. Bow-tie antennas are widely used for GPR applications, as they possess a set of stringent antenna performances such as a low frequency of operation, ultra-wideband performance, minimal ringing, compact, planner, and lightweight. In this article, a comprehensive review of the bow-tie antennas used for GPR applications is presented. A brief review of the theoretical analysis of the bow-tie antennas indicates the advantageous features of this type of antennas with elliptical structures over the traditional triangular shapes. A comparative analysis of popularly used feed networks confirms that there is a requirement of a balun (balanced to unbalanced) which is used to convert the unbalanced current flow of the coaxial cable to the balanced current flow of two symmetrical lines used for exciting a balanced antenna. A comparative analysis of design techniques used to improve the traditional bow-tie antennas to overcome the various limitations, such as end-fire reflections, narrow bandwidth, dispersion characteristics, low efficiency, and gain, is presented. There is ample scope to propose a novel bow-tie antenna or to improve the existing Bow-tie antennas to achieve compactness, lightweight, reduced end-fire reflections, dispersionless characteristics, better gain and directivity, high radiation efficiency, and so on.