A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels. (October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin; Pesiridis, Apostolos; Rajoo, Srithar; Martinez-Botas, Ricardo; Esfahanian, Vahid
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 78(2017)
• Page Start: 414
• Page End: 430
• Publication Date: 2017-10
• Subjects: AC Alternating Current -- BEV Battery Electric Vehicle -- BMS Battery Management System -- CO2 Carbon Dioxide -- DC Direct Current -- DECC Department of Energy and Climate Change -- EPA Environmental Protection Agency -- EU European Union -- EV Electric Vehicle -- FCEV Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle -- FCHEV Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle -- FCV Fuel Cell Vehicle -- GHG Greenhouse Gas -- ICE Internal Combustion Engine -- ICEV Internal Combustion Electric Vehicle -- IEA International Energy Agency -- kWh kilowatt hour -- LCA Life Cycle Assessment -- LDV Light Duty Vehicle -- Li-Ion Lithium-ion -- LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas -- Na/NiCl2 Sodium Nickel Chloride -- Ni-MH Nickel Metal Hydride -- NOx Nitric Oxide -- PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle -- PM Permanent Magnet -- ppm part per million -- SOx Sulphur Oxide -- USABC United States Advanced Battery Consortium -- USD United States Dollar -- VAT Value-Added Tax -- V2G Vehicle to Grid; Battery Electric Vehicles -- Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle -- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle -- Policy options -- Greenhouse gas -- Life Cycle Assessment; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.138
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: As concerns of oil depletion and security of supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, Europe is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are seen as a promising technology, which could lead to the decarbonisation of the Light Duty Vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. However it still has to overcome some significant barriers to gain social acceptance and obtain appreciable market penetration. This review evaluates the technological readiness of the different elements of BEV technology and highlights those technological areas where important progress is expected. Techno-economic issues linked with the development of BEVs are investigated. Current BEVs in the market need to be more competitive than other low carbon vehicles, a requirement which stimulates the necessity for new business models. Finally, the all-important role of politics in this development is, also, discussed. As the benefit of BEVs can help countries meet their environmental targets, governments have included them in their roadmaps and have developed incentives to help them penetrate the market.