The molecular aspects of oxidative & nitrosative stress and the tryptophan catabolites pathway (TRYCATs) as potential causes of depression. (April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wigner, Paulina; Czarny, Piotr; Galecki, Piotr; Su, Kuan-Pin; Sliwinski, Tomasz
• Is Part Of: Psychiatry research. Volume 262(2018)
• Page Start: 566
• Page End: 574
• Publication Date: 2018-04
• Subjects: BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- CAT catalase -- CIRS compensatory (anti)inflammatory reflex system -- CoQ10 coenzyme Q10 -- DD depressive disorders -- GPx glutathione peroxidise -- GR glutathione reductase -- GSH glutathione -- HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol -- IDO indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase -- IRS inflammatory responses system -- LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol -- MDA malondialdehyde -- NO nitric oxide -- NOS nitric oxide synthase -- ω3PUFAs omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids -- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- PICs pro-inflammatory cytokines -- PON1 paraoxonase 1 -- RBC red blood cells -- RNS reactive nitrogen species -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- SNPs single-nucleotide polymorphisms -- SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -- TDO tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase -- TPH-2 tryptophan hydroxylase 2 -- TRYCATs tryptophan catabolites pathway -- Zn2+ zinc -- 8-oxo 8-oxyguanine; Oxidative stress -- Nitrosative stress -- TRYCATs -- Depression; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- periodicals; Psychiatrie -- Périodiques; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.045
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0165-1781

Abstract

Abstract: Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world. It is estimated that 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide. Depressive disorders will have become the second most frequent health problem globally by the year 2020, just behind ischemic heart disease. The causes of depressive disorders are not fully known. Previous studies showed that impaired tryptophan catabolites pathway, oxidative and nitrosative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Patients with depression have lower plasma levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidise in comparison to controls. Moreover, depressed patients are characterized by decreased plasma levels of zinc, coenzyme Q10, albumin, uric acid, vitamin E and glutathione. Abnormal nitric oxidative production and nitric oxide synthase activity are also associated with depression. A dysfunction of the tryptophan catabolites pathway, indicated by increased levels of tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, is also involved in the development of depression. Furthermore, increased levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid might cause depression. Moreover, studies to date indicate that 8-oxyguanine, malondialdehyde, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α may serve as possible biomarkers. Additionally, regulation of defective mechanisms may provide a promising direction for the development of new and effective therapies. Highlights: Depression is the most common mental disorder. Depression is associated with decreased plasma levels of antioxidants and increased activity of nitric oxide synthase. TRYCATs pathway dysfunction is also involved in the development of depression.