Machine Learning in Context, or Learning from LANDR: Artificial Intelligence and the Platformization of Music Mastering. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sterne, Jonathan; Razlogova, Elena
• Is Part Of: Social media + society. Volume 5:Number 2(2019:Apr./Jun.)
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: artificial intelligence -- machine learning -- music -- labor -- art and aesthetics -- scenes; Social media -- Periodicals; Social media -- Social aspects -- Periodicals; 302.231
• DOI: 10.1177/2056305119847525
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2056-3051

Abstract

This article proposes a contextualist approach to machine learning and aesthetics, using LANDR, an online platform that offers automated music mastering and that trumpets its use of supervised machine learning, branded as artificial intelligence (AI). Increasingly, machine learning will become an integral part of the processing of sounds and images, shaping the way our culture sounds, looks, and feels. Yet we cannot know exactly how much of a role or what role machine learning plays in LANDR. To parochialize the machine learning part of what LANDR does, this study spirals in from bigger contexts to smaller ones: LANDR's place between the new media industry and the mastering industry; the music scene in their home city, Montreal, Quebec; LANDR use by DIY musicians and independent engineers; and, finally, the LANDR interface and the sound it produces in use. While LANDR claims to automate the work of mastering engineers, it appears to expand and morph the definition of mastering itself: it devalues people's aesthetic labor as it establishes higher standards for recordings online. And unlike many other new media firms, LANDR's connection to its local music scene has been essential to its development, growth, and authority, even as they have since moved on from that scene, and even as the relationship was never fully reciprocal.