Innate effector cells in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Varricchi, Gilda; Loffredo, Stefania; Galdiero, Maria Rosaria; Marone, Giancarlo; Cristinziano, Leonardo; Granata, Francescopaolo; Marone, Gianni
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in immunology. Volume 53(2018)
• Page Start: 152
• Page End: 160
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Immunology -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Periodicals; Immunology -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; Allergy -- Abstracts -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-7915

Abstract

Highlights: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are activated during tumor growth and chronic inflammation. Macrophages, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils produce angiogenic factors. Neutrophils can also release anti-angiogenic factors. Immune cells are also a target of angiogenic/lymphangiogenic factors. Immune cells are possible targets in chronic inflammatory disorders and tumors. Abstract : Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are distinct and complex processes requiring a finely tuned balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signals. During adulthood, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are activated at sites of tumor growth, tissue injury and remodeling, and chronic inflammation. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietin (ANGPTs) and a multitude of additional signaling molecules play distinct roles in the modulation of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis. VEGFs and ANGPTs activate specific tyrosine kinase receptor (e.g., VEGFR1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and TIE2 respectively), expressed on blood endothelial cells (angiogenesis) and lymphatic endothelial cells (lymphangiogenesis). Although tumor cells produce VEGFs and other proangiogenic mediators, tissue resident (e.g., macrophages, mast cells) and circulating immune cells (e.g., basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils) are an important source of angiogenic/lymphangiogenic mediators in inflammation and in tumor microenvironment and at site of chronic inflammation. Certain immune cells can also release anti-angiogenic factors. Mast cells, basophils, neutrophils and presumably other immune cells are not only a source of angiogenic/lymphangiogenic molecules, but also their target. Cells of the immune system need consideration as major players and possible targets for therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in chronic inflammatory disorders and tumors.