An environmental Life Cycle Assessment of rooftop solar in Bangkok, Thailand. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Eskew, John; Ratledge, Meredith; Wallace, Michael; Gheewala, Shabbir H.; Rakkwamsuk, Pattana
• Is Part Of: Renewable energy. Volume 123(2018)
• Page Start: 781
• Page End: 792
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Photovoltaic -- Life Cycle Assessment -- Rooftop solar -- Renewable energy -- Thailand; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.045
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0960-1481

Abstract

Abstract: This study quantifies the environmental burdens created by a planned rooftop photovoltaic (PV) solar installation on a university campus in Bangkok, Thailand, and models the potential of rooftop solar to meet the country's renewable energy goals. Impacts are evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment and recommendations made for upstream purchasing decisions according to different scenarios. Results indicate that main contribution to impacts occurs in manufacturing by stage and from PV modules by component. Impacts generated by the mounting structure and inverters are also significant, and together these components constitute over 90% of environmental burdens. A climate change impact of 0.079 kg CO2 -eq/kWh is produced over the lifetime of the system. Energy Payback Time is calculated as 2.5 years, and the Economic Payback Period is 7.4 years. The system is estimated to avoid 1.00E+06 kg CO2 -eq over its lifetime. Installation of similar rooftop PV systems on 50% of university and government buildings in Bangkok could result in a net reduction of 4.80E+09 kg CO2 -eq. Domestic production of components and recycling of materials is identified as a best-case scenario, with alleviations across all impact categories. Economic analysis suggests on-site electricity consumption paired with a net-metering policy scheme is the best way to incentivize PV solar energy installations. Highlights: Climate change impact of 0.079 kg CO2 -eq/kWh is produced over the life of the system. Energy Payback Time is 2.5 years and Economic Payback Period is 7.4 years. Domestic production of components and recycling of materials would reduce impacts. On-site electricity consumption and net-metering scheme would incentivize PV systems.