The chemistry and pharmacology of Ligularia przewalskii: A review. (12th June 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Shi-Jun; Tang, Zhi-Shu; Liao, Zhi-Xin; Cui, Chun-Li; Liu, Hong-Bo; Liang, Yan-Ni; Zhang, Yu; Xu, Hong-Bo; Zhang, Dong-Bo; Zheng, Ya-Ting; Shi, Huan-Xian; Li, Shi-Ying
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 219(2018)
• Page Start: 32
• Page End: 49
• Publication Date: 2018-06-12
• Subjects: A375 human melanoma cells -- ABTS 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) -- AChE acetylcholinesterase -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- AGEs advanced glycation endproducts -- B16F10 mouse skin melanoma -- BACE1 β-site amyloid precursor cleaving enzyme 1 -- BChE butyrylcholinesterase -- Bel-7402 human hepatoma cells -- BGB Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem -- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene -- BQC Beishan National Forest Park in Qinghai Province, China -- CAP-e cell-based antioxidant protection -- CCl4 carbon tetrachloride -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- CYC cyclophosphamide -- DMBA:7 12-diemthylbenz(a) anthracene -- DPPH 1, 1'-diphenyl-2-2'-picrylhydrazyl -- GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry -- GPT glutamic pyruvic transaminase -- HAC Hefei City, Anhui Province, China -- HDL-C high-densitylipoprotein cholesterol -- HeLa human cervical tumour cells -- Hep-G2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines -- HO-8910 human ovarian carcinoma -- HPA hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids -- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography -- HQC Huzhu County, Qinghai Province of China -- HRAR human recombinant aldose reductase -- IC50 half maximal inhibitor concentration -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- kDNA Kinetoplast DNA -- KSC Kangding County, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China -- L929 mouse lung epithelial tumour cells -- LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol -- LP Ligularia przewalskii -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- LTB4 leukotriene B4 -- MAPK mitogen- activated protein kinase -- MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line -- MDA malonyldialdehyde -- MGIT mycobacteria growth Indicator tubes -- MIC minimum inhibitory concentrations -- MPO myeloperoxidase -- MRA microplate resazurin assay -- MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide -- NF-κB nuclear factor κB -- NO nitric oxide -- PMN polymorphonuclear -- PRC People's Republic of China -- PTP1B protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B -- QGC Qingyang county, Gansu Province of China -- RLAR rat lens aldose reductase -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RRL RADIX ET RHIZOMA LIGULARIAE -- SDH sorbitol dehydrogenase -- TBHQ tertiary butylhydroquinone -- TC total cholesterol -- TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine -- TEAC trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity -- TG triacylglycerides -- THP-1 human macrophage tumour cells -- TLC thin-layer chromatography -- TNBS trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid -- Triton WR-1339 oxyethylated tertiary octylphenol formaldehyde polymer -- Trolox 6- hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid -- TSC The Sichuan Province of China -- TXB2 thromboxane B2 -- XO xanthine oxidase -- YGC Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China -- ZGC Zhang County, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China; Ligularia przewalskii (LP) -- Traditional uses -- Secondary metabolites -- Terpenoids -- Biological effects; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ligularia przewalskii (Maxim.) Diels ( LP ) (called zhangyetuowu in Chinese), is generally found in moist forest areas in the western regions of China. The root, leaves and flower of LP are utilized as a common traditional medicine in China. It has been utilized conventionally in herbal remedies for the remedy of haemoptysis, asthma, pulmonary phthisis, jaundice hepatitis, food poisoning, bronchitis, cough, fever, wound healing, measles, carbuncle, swelling and phlegm diseases. Aim of the study: The review aims to provide a systematic summary of LP and to reveal the correlation between the traditional uses and pharmacological activities in order to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information and identify the therapeutic potential for its use as a new medicine. Materials and methods: The relevant data were searched by using the keywords " Ligularia przewalskii " "phytochemistry", "pharmacology", "Traditional uses", and "Toxicity" in "Scopus", "Scifinder", "Springer", "Pubmed", "Wiley", "Web of Science", "China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases (CNKI)", "Ph.D." and "M.Sc. dissertations", and a hand-search was done to acquire peer-reviewed articles and reports about LP . The plant taxonomy was validated by the databases "The Plant List", "Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae", "A Collection of Qinghai Economic Plants", "Inner Mongolia plant medicine Chi", Zhonghua-bencao and the Standard of Chinese herbal medicine in Gansu. Results: Based on the traditional uses, the chemical nature and biological effects of LP have been the focus of research. In modern research, approximately seventy-six secondary metabolites, including thirty-eight terpenoids, nine benzofuran derivatives, seven flavonoids, ten sterols and others, were isolated from this plant. They exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-bacterial and anti-tumour effects, and so on. Currently, there is no report on the toxicity of LP, but hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (HPA) were first detected with LC/MS n in LP, and they have potential hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The lung-moistening, cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving actions of the root of LP are attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids and terpenoids. The heat-clearing, dampness-removing and gallbladder-normalizing (to cure jaundice) actions of the flowers of LP are based on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity properties of terpenoids, flavonoids and sterols. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) characteristics of LP (bitter flavour) corroborate its potent anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of LP contribute to its anti-tumour and antitussive activities. Many conventional uses of LP have now been validated by modernized pharmacological research. For future research, further phytochemical and biological studies need to be conducted on LP, In particular, the safety, mechanism of action and efficacy of LP could be of future research interest before beginning clinical trials. More in vivo experiments and clinical studies are encouraged to further clarify the relation between traditional uses and modern applications. Regarding the roots, leaves and flowers of LP, their chemical compositions and clinical effects should be compared. The information on LP will be helpful in providing and identifying its therapeutic potential and economic value for its use as a new medicine in the future. Graphical abstract: fx1