Ocoxin Modulates Cancer Stem Cells and M2 Macrophage Polarization in Glioblastoma. (5th August 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hernández-SanMiguel, Esther; Gargini, Ricardo; Cejalvo, Teresa; Segura-Collar, Berta; Núñez-Hervada, Paula; Hortigüela, Rafael; Sepúlveda-Sánchez, Juan M.; Hernández-Laín, Aurelio; Pérez-Núñez, Angel; Sanz, Eduardo; Sánchez-Gómez, Pilar
• Other Names: Fernandes Ana S. Guest Editor.
• Is Part Of: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. Volume 2019(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-08-05
• Subjects: Oxidative stress -- Periodicals; Cells -- Aging -- Periodicals; Cells -- Aging; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress -- Periodicals; Cell Aging -- Periodicals; Periodicals; 611.0181
• DOI: 10.1155/2019/9719730
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1942-0900

Abstract

Abstract : Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been linked to their therapy resistance. Molecular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment also play a fundamental role in the aggressiveness of these tumors. In particular, high levels of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species participate in several aspects of GBM biology. Moreover, GBM contains a large number of macrophages, which normally behave as immunosuppressive tumor-supportive cells. In fact, the presence of both, hypoxia and M2-like macrophages, correlates with malignancy and poor prognosis in gliomas. Antioxidant agents, as nutritional supplements, might have antitumor activity. Ocoxin® oral solution (OOS), in particular, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as antitumor properties in several neoplasia, without known side effects. Here, we describe how OOS affects stem cell properties in certain GBMs, slowing down their tumor growth. In parallel, OOS has a direct effect on macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the protumoral features of M2 macrophages. Therefore, OOS could be a feasible candidate to be used in combination therapies during GBM treatment because it can target the highly resilient CSCs as well as their supportive immune microenvironment, without adding toxicity to conventional treatments.