Review on emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR & XDR-TB) and its molecular diagnosis in Ethiopia. (April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saravanan, Muthupandian; Niguse, Selam; Abdulkader, Mahmud; Tsegay, Ephrem; Hailekiros, Haftamu; Gebrekidan, Atsbeha; Araya, Tadele; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan
• Is Part Of: Microbial pathogenesis. Volume 117(2018)
• Page Start: 237
• Page End: 242
• Publication Date: 2018-04
• Subjects: M. tuberculosis -- Emergence -- Drug resistance -- Molecular diagnostics -- miRNA -- MDR & XDR-TB -- Anti-tuberculosis drugs; Pathogenic microorganisms -- Periodicals; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- microbiology -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- parasitology -- Periodicals; Micro-organismes pathogènes -- Périodiques; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.9041
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.047
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0882-4010

Abstract

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and ranks as the second leading cause of death among deaths caused by infectious diseases worldwide. Although the availability of short-course regimens as first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains pose a major challenge to the prevention and control efforts of national tuberculosis programs (NTPs). M. tuberculosis changes its cellular environment with the mechanisms that have been evolved since prehistoric times. The interactions between the bacteria and the host environment have been studied well. However, the studies at molecular level began to emerge recently including expression profiling of micro RNA (miRNA) and literature survey revealed that researchers find more information about their regulatory role in biological processes including immune response to infectious agents like mycobacteria. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, the burden of tuberculosis and or drug resistance profile of M. tuberculosis remains largely unexplored, mainly due to lack of quality controlled second-line laboratory tests and also lack of knowledge on molecular diagnostics. This review describes the disease etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, molecular mechanism and advanced molecular diagnostics for precision MDR-TB diagnosis. Highlights: Review focus on emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR & XDR-TB) in Ethiopia. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains pose a major challenge to the prevention and control of TB. Profiling of miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of TB. This review pioneers to the scientific community to discover novel therapies and rapid diagnosis of TB.