Acute isolated aphasia as a challenging symptom in the emergency setting: Predictors of epileptic mimic versus ischemic stroke. (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Polverino, Paola; Caruso, Paola; Ridolfi, Mariana; Furlanis, Giovanni; Naccarato, Marcello; Sartori, Arianna; Manganotti, Paolo
• Is Part Of: Journal of clinical neuroscience. Volume 67(2019)
• Page Start: 129
• Page End: 133
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: Acute ischemic stroke -- Epilepsy -- Aphasia -- Cerebrovascular diseases -- Stroke mimic; Brain -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Nervous system -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Brain -- surgery -- Periodicals; Neurosurgical Procedures -- Periodicals; Neurosciences -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.06.004
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0967-5868

Abstract

Highlights: Clinical and anamnestic predictors of SM or AIS could be useful in the ED. A complete bed-side assessment is important in patients with acute isolated aphasia. Ischemic cardiopathy and atrial fibrillation were shown to be predictors of AIS. Previous epilepsy, impaired consciousness, infection and dysionia were SM predictors. Abstract: Introduction: Stroke mimics (SM) account for 1% to 41% of all AIS presentation. Seizures are the most frequent cause of mimic, but isolated speech impairment, among adult-onset epilepsy, is quite rare, while aphasia is more often due to an AIS. Prompt AIS/SM recognition is required to establish the most appropriate therapeutic management. We aimed at identifying some predictive clinical and anamnestic features useful to differentiate SM from AIS, particularly in patients presenting with aphasia. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted for a suspected stroke, from January 2015 until January 2017 was performed. We identified patients discharged with a final diagnosis of aphasia and patients with seizures presenting with speech impairment. Anamnestic, clinical and diagnostic were reviewed. Univariate analyses determined key clinical features predictive of AIS versus an epileptic SM. Results: 72 patients with sudden onset of aphasia were identified. A cerebrovascular etiology was diagnosed in 50 patients while an epileptic SM in 22. The presence of ischemic cardiopathy, atrial fibrillation and mild lateralizing signs were strongly suggestive of stroke. Otherwise, a previous history of epilepsy, alteration of consciousness, concomitant infection and electrolyte imbalance were predictors of a SM. Conclusions: Our study underscores the importance of an accurate clinical bed-side assessment as the first step in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process for patients presenting with aphasia. The detection of clinical and anamnestic features associated with an epileptic SM could be useful for the diagnostic process and for time-critical treatments.