Institutionalization of Islam in Secular Europe: The Influence of State–Religion Relations on Anti‐Muslim Attitudes. Issue 3 (22nd March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kaya, Serdar
• Is Part Of: Policy studies journal. Volume 47:Issue 3(2019)
• Page Start: 793
• Page End: 818
• Publication Date: 2019-03-22
• Subjects: Europe -- immigrants -- Islam -- official recognition -- prejudice -- Muslims -- secularism; Policy sciences -- Periodicals; Policy sciences -- United States -- Periodicals; Political planning -- Periodicals; Social sciences -- Periodicals; 320.6
• DOI: 10.1111/psj.12332
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0190-292X

Abstract

Abstract : This study examines church–state relations in Europe, and analyzes their influence on anti‐immigrant attitudes. The literature explains this relationship primarily with religious demographics, or state privileges for the majority faith. Alternately, this study focuses on the status of the majority religion. It argues that, in countries with a national church, citizens are more likely to consider the institutionalization of a new religion to be occurring at the expense of the national heritage, and react negatively. To test that hypothesis, the study focuses on Muslim immigrants in Europe, and builds an index that gauges the extent to which European states institutionalize Islam. Then, employing multilevel regression analysis, it investigates how the institutionalization of Islam influences anti‐Muslim prejudice in different contexts of church–state regimes. Individual‐level data come from the latest wave of the European Values Study, and cover 31 countries. Findings indicate that, in European countries with a national church, institutionalization of Islam increases anti‐Muslim prejudice. In countries without a national church, however, institutionalization leads to tolerance. These results confirm the continuing relevance of religion on the national level in Europe, despite the decline in individual religiosity. Abstract : 本研究考察了欧洲的教会与国家之间的关系，并分析了这种关系对反移民态度的影响。现有文献主要通过宗教人口组成或者国家赋予主流信仰的特权来解释这种关系。与这些文献不同的是，本研究关注的是主流宗教的地位。本文认为，在拥有国家教会的国家，公民更有可能认为新宗教制度化的发生是以牺牲他们国家的文化遗产为代价的，并因此做出消极回应。为了验证这一假设，该研究重点关注了欧洲的穆斯林移民。首先，本文建立了一个指标来衡量欧洲各个国家将伊斯兰教制度化的不同程度；接下来，本文采用多层次回归分析，以研究伊斯兰教的制度化在不同的教会国家政权背景下如何影响反穆斯林的偏见。其中，个人层面的数据来自"欧洲价值研究"的最新调查，它覆盖了31个国家。本文的结果表明，在拥有国家教会的欧洲国家，伊斯兰教的制度化增加了反穆斯林偏见；然而，在没有国家教会的国家，制度化带来了包容。这些结果证实，在欧洲，尽管个人层面的宗教信仰有所下降，但在国家层面上，宗教仍与国家政策相关。