Locality estimates for Fresnel-wave-propagation and stability of x-ray phase contrast imaging with finite detectors. (30th October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Maretzke, Simon
• Is Part Of: Inverse problems. Volume 34:Number 12(2018:Dec.)
• Publication Date: 2018-10-30
• Subjects: image reconstruction -- Fresnel propagation -- stability -- resolution -- x-ray imaging -- phase contrast; Inverse problems (Differential equations) -- Periodicals; 515.357
• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6420/aae78f
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0266-5611

Abstract

Abstract: Coherent wave-propagation in the near-field Fresnel-regime is the underlying contrast-mechanism to (propagation-based) x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI), an emerging lensless technique that enables 2D- and 3D-imaging of biological soft tissues and other light-element samples down to nanometer-resolutions. Mathematically, propagation is described by the Fresnel-propagator, a convolution with an arbitrarily non-local kernel. As real-world detectors may only capture a finite field-of-view, this non-locality implies that the recorded diffraction-patterns are necessarily incomplete. This raises the question of stability of image-reconstruction from the truncated data—even if the complex-valued wave-field, and not just its modulus, could be measured. Contrary to the latter restriction of the acquisition, known as the phase-problem, the finite-detector-problem has not received much attention in literature. The present work therefore analyzes locality of Fresnel-propagation in order to establish stability of XPCI with finite detectors. Image-reconstruction is shown to be severely ill-posed in this setting—even without a phase-problem. However, quantitative estimates of the leaked wave-field reveal that Lipschitz-stability holds down to a sharp resolution limit that depends on the detector-size and varies within the field-of-view. The smallest resolvable lengthscale is found to be ≈ times the detector's aspect length, where is the Fresnel number associated with the latter scale. The stability results are extended to phaseless imaging in the linear contrast-transfer-function regime.