Straight leg elevation to rule out pelvic injury. Issue 2 (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bolt, Caroline; O'Keeffe, Francis; Finnegan, Pete; Dickson, Kristofer; Smit, De Villiers; Fitzgerald, Mark C.; Mitra, Biswadev
• Is Part Of: Injury. Volume 49:Issue 2(2018)
• Page Start: 279
• Page End: 283
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Clinical Decision-making -- Diagnostic techniques & procedures -- Radiography -- Computer tomography -- Multiple trauma -- Shock -- Traumatic -- Fractures -- Pelvis -- Pelvic bones -- Leg -- Whole body imaging -- Physical examination -- Fractures -- Pelvis; Wounds and injuries -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Accidents -- Periodicals; Wounds and Injuries -- surgery -- Periodicals; Lésions et blessures -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 617.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.10.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-1383

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: Pelvic x-ray is frequently used as a screening tool during initial assessment of injured patients. However routine use in the awake and alert blunt trauma patient may be questioned due to low yield. We propose a clinical tool that may avoid unnecessary imaging by examining whether the ability to straight leg raise, without pain, can rule out pelvic injury. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with the exposure variables of ability to straight leg raise and presence of pain on doing so, and presence of pelvic fracture on x-ray as the primary outcome variable. Results: Of the 328 participants, 35 had pelvic fractures, and of these 32 were either unable to straight leg raise, or had pain on doing so, with a sensitivity of 91.43% (95% CI: 76.94–98.2%) and a negative predictive value of 98.57% (95% CI: 95.88–99.70%). The 3 participants with a pelvic fracture who could straight leg raise with no pain, all had a GCS of less than 15, and therefore, among the sub-group of patients with GCS15, a 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value for straight leg raise with no pain to rule out pelvic fracture was demonstrated. Conclusion: Among awake, alert patients, painless straight leg raise can exclude pelvic fractures and be incorporated into initial examination during reception and resuscitation of injured patients.