Outcomes of the Non-fenestrated Fontan Procedure at High Altitude. Issue 5 (September 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Palacios-Macedo, Alexis; Díliz-Nava, Héctor; Tamariz-Cruz, Orlando; García-Benítez, Luis; Pérez-Juárez, Fabiola; Araujo-Martínez, Aric; Mier-Martínez, Moisés; Corona-Villalobos, Carlos; Castañuela, Violeta; March, Almudena; López-Terrazas, Javier; Cabrera, Antonio G.
• Is Part Of: World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery. Volume 10:Issue 5(2019)
• Page Start: 590
• Page End: 596
• Publication Date: 2019-09
• Subjects: total cavopulmonary connection -- Fontan -- pulmonary vascular resistance -- functionally univentricular heart -- altitude; Pediatric cardiology -- Periodicals; Congenital heart disease in children -- Periodicals; Heart -- Abnormalities -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Heart -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Heart Defects, Congenital -- surgery -- Periodicals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures -- Periodicals; Child -- Periodicals; Adult -- Periodicals; 618.9212
• DOI: 10.1177/2150135119862607
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2150-1351

Abstract

Background: Although high altitude has been considered a risk factor for the Fontan operation, and an indication for fenestration, there is a paucity of data to support its routine use. Fenestration, with its necessary right to left induced shunt, together with the lower partial pressure of oxygen found with progressive altitude, can significantly decrease hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and therefore, it would be desirable to avoid it. Objective: To analyze immediate and medium-term results of the non-fenestrated, extracardiac, Fontan procedure at high altitude. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from consecutive patients who underwent non-fenestrated, extracardiac, Fontan procedure at two institutions located in Mexico City at 2, 312 m (7, 585 ft) and 2, 691 m (8, 828 ft) above sea level. High altitude was not considered a risk factor. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 6.7 years. Mean preoperative indexed pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.7 Wood units. Seventy-nine percent of the patients extubated in the operating room. There was one in-hospital death (2.56%) and one at follow-up. Median chest tube drainage time was 6.5 and 6 days for the right and left pleural spaces. Median oxygen saturation at discharge was 90%. At a median follow-up of six months, all survivors, except one, had good tolerance to daily life activities. Conclusions: The present study shows good short- and medium-term results for the non-fenestrated, extracardiac, Fontan operation at altitudes between 2, 300 and 2, 700 m and might favor this strategy over fenestration to improve postoperative oxygen saturation. Further studies to examine the long-term outcomes of this approach need to be considered.