Biodiesel production by a renewable catalyst from calcined Turbo jourdani (Gastropoda: Turbinidae) shells. (10th March 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Boonyuen, Supakorn; Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo; Malaithong, Monta; Prokaew, Apisit; Cherdhirunkorn, Benya; Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 177(2018)
• Page Start: 925
• Page End: 929
• Publication Date: 2018-03-10
• Subjects: Waste shell -- Biodiesel -- Transesterification -- Solid catalyst; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.137
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: Waste gastropod shells and animal bones are one of the richest sources of calcium carbonate and have been utilized, after suitable treatment, for various applications. The outer lip of waste Turbo jourdani (Turbinidae) shells, a marine snail, was utilized as a raw material for the production of a porous calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst for biodiesel (as fatty acid methyl esters; FAME) production via transesterification of palm oil and methanol. The outer lip of the shell was calcined at 900 °C for 5 h to fully convert the shell (aragonite form of calcium carbonate) into CaO with a porous structure, as characterized and confirmed by thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Three key reaction parameters: catalyst concentration, methanol: oil molar ratio and reaction time were optimized in terms of maximizing the oil to FAME conversion level. The best conditions were found to be a catalyst concentration of 10 wt%, a 3:1 methanol: oil molar ratio and a 7 h reaction time to give a >99% oil to FAME conversion level. Evaluation of the reusability of the catalyst revealed that its efficiency decreased with each sequential use but that a >90% conversion level was still obtained after eight sequential uses before it then declined markedly. Highlights: Rapid and optimal calcination for wast T. jourdani shells as a potential catalyst for the production of FAME is 900 °C for 5 h. The optimum reaction conditions, at 80 °C, 10 wt%, 3:1 methanol: oil ratio and a reaction time of 7 h. The catalyst was reusable for 8 time.