Liver–Microbiome Axis in Health and Disease. Issue 9 (September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Adolph, Timon E.; Grander, Christoph; Moschen, Alexander R.; Tilg, Herbert
• Is Part Of: Trends in immunology. Volume 39:Issue 9(2018)
• Page Start: 712
• Page End: 723
• Publication Date: 2018-09
• Subjects: alcoholic liver disease -- bile acids -- hepatic encephalopathy -- intestinal microbiota -- liver cirrhosis -- metabolism -- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- primary sclerosing cholangitis; Immunology -- Periodicals; 571.96
• DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.05.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1471-4906

Abstract

Abstract : The intestinal and hepatobiliary tract exhibits host-specific commensal colonization. The resident microbiota has emerged as a key player in intestinal and hepatic diseases. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (ALD/NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), liver cirrhosis, and some of their clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), have been linked to a microbial signature, as also observed for severe liver inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis. In turn, the liver impacts, and communicates with, the microbiota through hepatic mediators, such as bile acids or inflammatory signals. Therefore, a liver–microbiome bidirectional crosstalk appears to be critical in health and various liver diseases and could be therapeutically targeted, such as by fecal microbiota transplantation. Highlights: An intestinal microbiome signature is emerging in various liver diseases independent of disease stage. Microbiota profiles may differ between various liver disease etiologies. Microbiota and microbiota-derived factors have a key role in liver cirrhosis and associated pathologies. Advanced liver disease is characterized by a circulating microbiome. Some commensals prevent liver disease in preclinical studies.