Effects of different water percentages in non-surfactant emulsion fuel on performance and exhaust emissions of a light-duty truck. (1st April 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mazlan, Nurul Aiyshah; Yahya, Wira Jazair; Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin; Hasannuddin, A.K.; Ramlan, Nur Atiqah; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto; Muhammad Adib, A.R.; Koga, Tsuyoshi; Mamat, Rizalman; Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 179(2018)
• Page Start: 559
• Page End: 566
• Publication Date: 2018-04-01
• Subjects: Non-surfactant emulsion fuel -- Diesel emulsion fuel -- Diesel emissions -- Diesel engine performance; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.143
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: The interest in emulsion fuel grows worldwide because it is potentially more environment friendly than its base fuel. Nonetheless, it has yet to be widely used as it is pricier than conventional diesel fuel due to its dependency on surfactant. This paper highlights the application of non-surfactant emulsion fuel in a light-duty truck (1 ton). The fuel is produced on demand with the so-called Real-Time Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel Supply System (RTES) just before being transferred into the engine. The emission characteristics and performance of the truck were then evaluated. To identify the optimum water percentage, the RTES is controlled to produce an emulsion with various water percentages during the testing. The experiment was performed on a chassis dynamometer using the West Virginia University (WVU) 5-Peak Cycle. The variants of fuel used throughout this experiment are Euro 5 diesel (D) and emulsion fuel based from it with varying water percentage of 5% (E5), 6.5% (E6.5), 10.8% (E10.8), and 30% (E30). The smoke number and nitrogen oxides, NOx emission of the truck are reduced with the use of emulsion fuel. E6.5 shows the highest average reduction of NOx at 45%. E30 emits higher carbon monoxide, CO than D while its carbon dioxide, CO2 is reduced by about 0.13%. E6.5's fuel consumption is the lowest; it is around 8.56% lower than D, followed by E10.8, E5 and E30. Overall, the concept of non-surfactant emulsion fuel appears to have the potential for application in diesel-powered vehicles to reduce harmful emissions. Highlights: Non-surfactant emulsion fuel was proven to be functioning as an application of light-duty vehicle. Non-surfactant emulsion fuel with 6.5% of water reduced 8.56% of fuel consumption compare to neat diesel fuel. NOx and smoke were simultaneously reduced by using non-surfactant emulsion fuel.