Urinary levels of enniatin B and its phase I metabolites: First human pilot biomonitoring study. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rodríguez-Carrasco, Yelko; Izzo, Luana; Gaspari, Anna; Graziani, Giulia; Mañes, Jordi; Ritieni, Alberto
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 118(2018)
• Page Start: 454
• Page End: 459
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Enniatin B -- Metabolites -- Urine -- Human -- Biomonitoring -- Orbitrap; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.052
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: Enniatins (Enns) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and are widely distributed contaminants of cereals and derivate products. Among the different identified enniatins, Enn B is the most relevant analogue in cereals in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the occurrence of Enn B and Enn B phase I metabolites in 300 human urine samples throughout an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) methodology. Three different sample preparation procedures were evaluated and salting-out liquid-liquid extraction showed satisfactory validation results. Enn B was quantified in 83.7% of samples ranging from 0.006 to 0.391 ng/mL (average content: 0.016 ng/mL). In line with the in vitro observations with human liver microsomes, in the here analyzed samples the Enn B monooxygenated, N -demethylated and dioxygenated metabolites were tentatively found in 87.7%, 96.3% and 6.7% of samples. The data of this pilot biomonitoring survey indicate a frequent intake of enniatins in Italy, supporting further toxicological studies to provide better basis for understanding their potential effects in humans. Highlights: UHPLC-HRMS method to determine enniatin B and its phase I metabolites in human urine was developed. Occurrence of Enn B and its metabolites were evaluated in 300 urine samples. Enn B phase I metabolites were investigated in human urine for the first time. Enn B was quantified in 83.7% of samples in a range from 0.006 to 0.391 ng/mL. Monooxygenated and N -demethylated species were the predominant Enn B metabolites.