Natural occurrence of genotoxic and carcinogenic alkenylbenzenes in Indonesian jamu and evaluation of consumer risks. (August 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Suparmi, Suparmi; Widiastuti, Diana; Wesseling, Sebastiaan; Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M.
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 118(2018)
• Page Start: 53
• Page End: 67
• Publication Date: 2018-08
• Subjects: Alkenylbenzenes -- Jamu -- Margin of exposure (MOE) -- Risk assessment; BMDL10 lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose resulting in a 10% extra cancer incidence -- EDI Estimated daily intake -- EFSA European Food Safety Authority -- ILSI International Life Sciences Institute -- JECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives -- LOD Limit of Detection -- LOQ Limit of Quantification -- MOE Margin of Exposure -- MoH Ministry of Health, Indonesia -- NADFC RI National Agency for Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia -- PA pyrrolizidine alkaloids -- PBK Physiologically based kinetic -- PFS Plant Food Supplement -- REP Relative potency factor -- UPLC Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography -- TEQ Toxic equivalency; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.059
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: The consumer risks of jamu, Indonesian traditional herbal medicines, was assessed focussing on the presence of alkenylbenzene containing botanical ingredients. Twenty-three out of 25 samples contained alkenylbenzenes at levels ranging from 3.8 to 440 μg/kg, with methyleugenol being the most frequently encountered alkenylbenzene. The estimated daily intake (EDI) resulting from jamu consumption was estimated to amount to 0.2–171 μg/kg bw/day for individual alkenylbenzenes, to 0.9–203 μg/kg bw/day when adding up all alkenylbenzenes detected, and to 0.9–551 μg/kg bw/day when expressed in methyleugenol equivalents using interim relative potency (REP) factors. The margin of exposure (MOE) values obtained were generally <10, 000 indicating a priority for risk management when assuming daily consumption during a lifetime. Using Haber's rule it was estimated that two weeks consumption of these jamu only once would not raise a concern (MOE >10, 000). However, when considering use for two weeks every year during a lifetime, 5 samples still raise a concern. It is concluded that the consumption of alkenylbenzene containing jamu can be of concern especially when consumed on a daily basis for longer periods of time on a regular basis. Graphical abstract: Highlights: A risk assesment for alkenylbenzene containing Indonesian jamu is presented. Lifetime exposure of 20 out of 25 samples presents a priority for risk management. Considering only two weeks exposure and Haber's rule eliminates the concern. For use for two weeks every year during a lifetime, 5 samples still raise concern.