Epigenetics and gene expression profile in first-episode psychosis: The role of childhood trauma. (December 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tomassi, Simona; Tosato, Sarah
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 83(2017)
• Page Start: 226
• Page End: 237
• Publication Date: 2017-12
• Subjects: Epigenetics -- Childhood trauma -- First-episode psychosis -- DNA methylation -- Gene expression -- miRNA; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.018
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Childhood Trauma (CT) influences epigenetics and gene expression; and is a risk factor for psychosis. We included 41 studies on CT, epigenetics, gene expression, and First-Episode Psychosis (FEP). DNA hypo-methylation and BDNF reduced gene-expression was shown in FEP with CT. SLC6A4 hyper-methylation and hypo-expression was found in healthy subjects with CT. FEP itself was also associated with global DNA hypo-methylation. Abstract: Childhood Trauma (CT) mediation of the epigenome and its impact on gene expression profile could provide a mechanism for the gene-environment interaction underling psychosis. We reviewed the evidence concerning epigenetic and gene expression modifications associated with CT in both First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) and healthy subjects. In order to explore the relative role of psychosis itself in determining these modifications, evidence about FEP and epigenetics/gene expression was also summarized. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, last updated in December 2016. Out of 2966 potentially relevant records, only 41 studies were included. CT resulted associated: in FEP subjects, with global DNA hypo-methylation and reduced BDNF gene-expression; in healthy subjects, with hyper-methylation of SLC6A4, NR3C1, KITLG, and OXTR; hypo-methylation of FKBP5, IL-6, and BDNF; increased IL1B, IL8, and PTGS gene expression; and decreased SLC6A4 gene expression. FEP showed global DNA hypo-methylation; increased methylation and reduced gene expression of GCH1; hyper-expression of MPB, NDEL1, AKT1, and DICER1; and hypo-expression of DROSHA, COMT, and DISC1 in comparison with healthy controls.