Demographic responses to climate variation depend on spatial- and life history-differentiation at multiple scales. (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tye, Matthew; Dahlgren, Johan P.; Øien, Dag-Inge; Moen, Asbjørn; Sletvold, Nina
• Is Part Of: Biological conservation. Volume 228(2018)
• Page Start: 62
• Page End: 69
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Climate change -- Demography -- Life history differences -- Orchids -- Population dynamics -- Spatial variation; Conservation of natural resources -- Periodicals; Nature conservation -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 333.9516
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.10.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0006-3207

Abstract

Abstract: Long-term demographic data are needed for detailed viability analyses of populations threatened by climate change, but the infeasibility of obtaining such data makes it urgent to assess whether demographic responses to climatic variation can be generalized across populations and species. We used 32 years of demographic data on four species of closely related orchids (genera Dactylorhiza and Gymnadenia ), replicated in a coastal and an inland region in central Norway, to test how demographic responses to climate varied among geographical regions and species. We fit generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to study climate effects on vital rates and included GLMMs as components in matrix models to examine climate effects on population dynamics. We found that, overall, vital rates and population growth rates of the eight populations responded independently to variation in both temperature and rainfall. Only probability of flowering showed expected regional differentiation in response to climate, despite notable regional climatic differences. Other vital rate – climate relationships were structured by species or a combination of both region and species. The weak clustering of demographic responses to climate variation by species and region demonstrates that effects of climatic variation can strongly depend on variation in local habitat and life history, even among closely related populations occupying similar niches. This highlights the difficulty in transferring data from closely related and/or located populations for viability analyses and for models predicting range shifts, and a general need to account for among-population variation in demographic responses to develop successful conservation and management plans. Highlights: Demographic reponses to climate are not shared among related species with a similar life history and ecological niche Climatic effects on population growth rate vary as much among related species within a region as between regions This points to weak 'borrowing strength' of parameters in population viability analysis Species distribution models in response to climate change must consider geographical differences in demographic responses This cautions against generalizations across populations, even when they are closely related and occupy similar niches