A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults. Issue 1 (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hansen, Lea; Roager, Henrik; Søndertoft, Nadja; Gøbel, Rikke; Kristensen, Mette; Vallès-Colomer, Mireia; Vieira-Silva, Sara; Ibrügger, Sabine; Lind, Mads; Mærkedahl, Rasmus; Bahl, Martin; Madsen, Mia; Havelund, Jesper; Falony, Gwen; Tetens, Inge; Nielsen, Trine; Allin, Kristine; Frandsen, Henrik; Hartmann, Bolette; Holst, Jens; Sparholt, Morten; Holck, Jesper; Blennow, Andreas; Moll, Janne; Meyer, Anne; Hoppe, Camilla; Poulsen, Jørgen; Carvalho, Vera; Sagnelli, Domenico; Dalgaard, Marlene; Christensen, Anders; Lydolph, Magnus; Ross, Alastair; Villas-Bôas, Silas; Brix, Susanne; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Buschard, Karsten; Linneberg, Allan; Rumessen, Jüri; Ekstrøm, Claus; Ritz, Christian; Kristiansen, Karsten; Nielsen, H.; Vestergaard, Henrik; Færgeman, Nils; Raes, Jeroen; Frøkiær, Hanne; Hansen, Torben; Lauritzen, Lotte; Gupta, Ramneek; Licht, Tine; Pedersen, Oluf;
• Is Part Of: Nature communications. Volume 9:Issue 1(2018)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 13
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Biology -- Periodicals; Physical sciences -- Periodicals; 505
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2041-1723

Abstract

Abstract Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres. Gluten-free diets are increasingly common in the general population. Here, the authors report the results of a randomised cross-over trial involving middle-aged, healthy Danish adults, showing evidence that a low-gluten diet leads to gut microbiome changes, possibly due to variations in dietary fibres.