A system for transformation of sentences from the enriched formalized Node of Knowledge record into relational database. (January 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Čandrlić, Sanja; Ašenbrener Katić, Martina; Pavlić, Mile
• Is Part Of: Expert systems with applications. Volume 115(2019)
• Page Start: 442
• Page End: 464
• Publication Date: 2019-01
• Subjects: Node of Knowledge (NOK) -- Formalized Node of Knowledge (FNOK) -- Relational database -- Algorithm -- Knowledge-based system; Expert systems (Computer science) -- Periodicals; Systèmes experts (Informatique) -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 006.33
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2018.07.021
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0957-4174

Abstract

Highlights: Process model for transformation of formalized sentences into relational database. Algorithms of functions and procedures for each step of transformation. Meta model for the structure and content of formalized sentences in the relational database. Abstract: Verbalized text contains knowledge necessary and sufficient for transfer of numerous human cognitions. The question is how this knowledge was saved into text. Authors believe that they found an important idea how to assemble knowledge into nodes of knowledge. Similar methods in the field of knowledge networks exist, but none of them does it in the same way as the Node of Knowledge (NOK) method. Basic terms and concepts in a language are represented in words whose meaning is final and cannot be divided in subterms. More complex meaning can be achieved by combining words in sentences. According to authors' opinion, each sentence includes connective medium for words in the sentence (related to semantic reasons), which is inwrought in the Node of Knowledge method. Using the Node of Knowledge method each sentence can be presented as a network of connected words. This network is enriched with links between words so a computer can interpret meaning and knowledge of the sentence in the same way an intelligent person does. A formalized and semantically enriched record of sentences (called Formalized Node of Knowledge – FNOK) is developed. Authors find that in this way, even without statistical text analysis, an algorithm can give correct answer to a question set based on written text. This paper presents the system for transformation of textual knowledge expressed in natural language sentences into a relational database. The system is a part of a larger knowledge-based system based on the Node of Knowledge (NOK) conceptual framework for knowledge-based system development. This paper starts with sentences written in the formalized and enriched form for which a logical transformation into the structure of a relational database is proposed. The system and algorithms for the transformation of formalized sentences into n-tuples of the relational database are distributed and represented in several steps. The research has shown that it is possible to store semantically enriched sentences in relational databases. The solution presented in this paper is important for further development of the system for receiving questions from users and providing answers (i.e. question-answering system), with the ability to use well-developed relational SQL languages. Relational database of texts enables numerous applications in the field of expert and intelligent systems.