Emission factors of polycyclic and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential combustion of coal and crop residue pellets. (December 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yang, Xiaoyang; Liu, Shijie; Xu, Yisheng; Liu, Yu; Chen, Lijiang; Tang, Ning; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 231:Part 2(2017)
• Page Start: 1265
• Page End: 1273
• Publication Date: 2017-12
• Subjects: Domestic coal combustion -- Biomass combustion -- Emission factor -- PAHs -- NPAHs -- Diagnostic ratio; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.087
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are toxic pollutants mainly produced during fossil fuel combustion. Domestic coal stoves, which emit large amounts of PAHs and NPAHs, are widely used in the Chinese countryside. In this study, emission factors (Efs) for 13 PAH species and 21 NPAH species for four raw coal (three bituminous and one anthracite), one honeycomb briquette, and one crop residue pellet (peanut hulls) samples burned in a typical Chinese rural cooking stove were determined experimentally. The PAH and NPAH Efs for the six fuels were 3.15–49 mg/kg and 0.32–100 μg/kg, respectively. Peanut hulls had very high Efs for both PAHs and NPAHs, and honeycomb briquettes had the lowest Efs. 2-Nitropyrene and 2-nitrofluoranthene, which are NPAHs typically found in secondary organic aerosol, were detected in the emissions from some fuels, suggesting that chemical reactions may have occurred in the dilution tunnel between the flue gas leaving the stove and entering the sampler. The 1-nitropyrene to pyrene diagnostic ratios for coal and peanut hulls were 0.0001 ± 0.0001 and 0.0005, respectively. These were in the same order of magnitude as reference ratios for emissions during coal combustion. The 6-nitrobenzo[ a ]pyrene to benzo[ a ]pyrene ratios for the fuels were determined, and the ratios for coal and peanut hulls were 0.0010 ± 0.0001 and 0.0014, respectively. The calculated potential toxic risks indicated that peanut hull emissions were very toxic, especially in terms of NPAHs, compared with emissions from the other fuels. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Emission factors (Efs) of PAH and Nitro-PAH (NPAH) for different fuels were tested. Efs showed higher level for peanut hull, while the lowest for honeycomb briquette. Ratios of NPAH/PAH were reported as useful indicators for source apportionment. Emission of peanut hull had very high toxicity especially assessed by NPAH. Abstract : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission factors and profiles for the combustion of coal and biomass in a domestic stove were determined.