Recent advances in noble metal free doped graphitic carbon nitride based nanohybrids for photocatalysis of organic contaminants in water: A review. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hasija, Vasudha; Raizada, Pankaj; Sudhaik, Anita; Sharma, Kirti; Kumar, Abhinandan; Singh, Pardeep; Jonnalagadda, Sreekantha B.; Thakur, Vijay Kumar
• Is Part Of: Applied materials today. Volume 15(2019)
• Page Start: 494
• Page End: 524
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: AOP advanced oxidation process -- AEP 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid -- AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy -- BPA bisphenol A -- BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller -- CQDs carbon quantum dots -- CN concentration -- CB conduction band -- DFT density function theory -- 2, 4-DCP 2, 4-dichlorophenol -- DCDA dicyandiamide -- DRS diffuse reflectance spectra -- EHP e−–h+ pair -- e− electron -- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analysis -- Fe2O3 ferric oxide -- FESEM field emission spectroscopy -- g-C3N4 graphitic carbon nitride -- HRTEM high resolution transmission electron microscopy -- h+ hole -- IC indigo caramine -- IFCT interfacial charge transfer effect -- mp mesoporous -- MO methyl orange -- MB methylene blue -- NO nitrous oxide -- Cl6N3P3 phosphonitrilic chloride trimer -- PEC photoelectrochemical -- PL photoluminescence -- PCN polymeric carbon nitride -- KI potassium iodide -- PDOS project density states plot -- P31NMR solid state phosphor nuclear magnetic resonance -- QC quantum confinement -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RhB rhodamine B -- TOC total organic carbon -- TTCA tri-thiocyanuric acid -- VB valence band -- XRD X-ray diffraction -- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy -- ZnTNPc zinc phthalocyanines; Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) -- Inherent drawbacks of g-C3N4 as photocatalyst -- Noble metal free doping of g-C3N4 -- Improved photocatalytic activity -- Wastewater treatment; Materials science -- Periodicals; Materials -- Research -- Periodicals; 620.1105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2019.04.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-9407

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Drawbacks of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst were reviewed. Noble metal free doping was elaborated as effective strategy. Role of metal and non-metal dopants was explored. Synthesis methods for fabrication of noble metal free doped g-C3 N4 were discussed. Conclusive outlook along with future prospective was provided. Abstract: Extensive contamination of water bodies by textile dyeing industries, organic pollutants and agricultural waste has emerged water pollution as one of the major global environmental crisis. The effect of this gross negligence is posing serious threats to human health therefore today; conserving water resources for the essence of life is of grave concern. Recently, advancements in photocatalytic properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) for wastewater treatment have gained tremendous interest in research. However, pristine g-C3 N4 suffers from bottlenecks such as low surface area, rapid recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and insufficient light absorption which thereby, reduces the photocatalytic degradation activity. Hitherto, noble metals have been widely utilized as dopants but are cost ineffective, rarely found and are difficult to recover. In this updated and all-inclusive review we have briefly discussed photocatalysis mechanism, primarily focused on non-precious elemental doping via various synthesis techniques of noble metal free doped g-C3 N4 photocatalysts. Typically metal, non-metal, rare earth metal doping and co-doping have been explored, which demonstrates the synergistic behavior of the doped nanocomposites in modulation of electronic structure, broaden the visible light absorption range, enhancement in photocatalytic wastewater remediation ability to obtain maximum pollutant eradication. Summary remarks conclude the review with valuable knowledge of noble metal free doped g-C3 N4 photocatalysts for water purification and sheds light on current challenges and crucial issues associated with its commercialization. The future aspect aims at designing of efficient solar light driven photocatalysts for application in various domains i.e. production of H2 and O2, reduction of CO2, practical use of solar cells, treatment of wastewater, air purification and environmental conservation.