Serious games for industrial safety: An approach for developing resilience early warning indicators. (October 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Patriarca, R.; Falegnami, A.; De Nicola, A.; Villani, M.L.; Paltrinieri, N.
• Is Part Of: Safety science. Volume 118(2019)
• Page Start: 316
• Page End: 331
• Publication Date: 2019-10
• Subjects: Industrial safety -- Safety indicators -- Resilience indicators -- Serious games -- Socio-technical systems; CSF contributing success factor -- GDP game design pattern -- GEM game element metric -- GI general issue -- GMM game macro mechanic -- GREWI games for resilience-based early warning indicator method -- GUI graphical user interface -- REWI resilience-based early warning indicator -- SME subject matter expert -- WIC works incident controller -- WMC works main controller; Industrial accidents -- Periodicals; Accident Prevention -- Periodicals; Safety -- Periodicals; Travail -- Accidents -- Périodiques; 363.11
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.031
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0925-7535

Abstract

Highlights: We explore the REWI method for identifying resilience performance in a system. We identify the benefits of serious games for knowledge elicitation. We develop a method to develop serious games for resilience management. We present a case study in the ammonia plant emergency release. We propose a freely available online game for the case study. Abstract: The development of safety indicators represents an integral part of any safety management process. Safety indicators are generally classified as leading or lagging, respectively whether they are active (providing feedback on performance before an accident or incident), or reactive measurements (identifying and reporting on incidents to identify weaknesses and failures). Leading indicators have been largely addressed as early warning instruments crucial to assess the potential for either safety events (accidents, incidents), or system's resilience. The Resilience-based Early Warning Indicator (REWI) method is a representative approach to develop such indicators. However, its main challenges are related to the data gathering process, which is traditionally managed by open-ended interviews or surveys, and the fact that the developed indicators may not necessarily represent proxy measures of system performance. This paper presents an alternative methodological framework for the development of leading indicators. We will explore the use of GREWI (Games for Resilience-based Early Warning Indicator method), a new method based on gamified data gathering, more specifically related to serious games. Abandoning traditional tick-box surveys, the proposed approach is intended to favour workers' engagement in workplace safety and, more in general, to overcome psychological barriers to their participation. The approach has been explored in a case study within chemical industry. In particular, the safety-critical sector of ammonia production has been addressed, with the purpose to promote and improve its resilience towards unwanted events.