Characteristics and compound-specific carbon isotope compositions of sedimentary lipids in high arsenic aquifers in the Hetao basin, Inner Mongolia. (October 2018) - Mao, Ruoyu
Abstract: Organic matter, as an electron donor, plays a vital role in As mobilization mediated by microorganisms during reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides in shallow aquifers. However, the specific types and sources of organic matter involved in biogeochemical processes accelerating As mobilization are still controversial. Both sediment and groundwater samples were collected at different depths from aquifers of the Hetao Basin, a typical inland basin hosting high As groundwater. Sedimentary lipids and their compound-specific carbon isotope ratios were analyzed to evaluate characteristics and sources of organic matter. Results show that sedimentary As were well correlated with Fe and Mn oxides, suggesting that As exist as Fe/Mn oxide bound forms. Groundwater As far exceeded the drinking water guide value of 10 μg/L. Moreover, As concentrations in shallow groundwater were relatively higher. Lipids in clay were mainly originated from terrestrial higher plants, while that in fine sand samples were derived from terrestrial higher plants, microorganism and petroleum. Shallow fine sand samples were also characterized by evident in-situ biodegradation. Compound-specific carbon isotope compositions of sedimentary lipids showed that short-chain n -alkanes and n -alkanoic acids had more positive δ 13 C values compared to long-chain compounds, especially in shallow fine sand samples. δ 13 CTOC were also low in shallow fine sand samples. These results jointly indicate that these lipids in shallow fine sand samples acted as carbon source for indigenous microorganism and the short-chain components were particularly more vulnerable to biodegradation, which may contribute to high As concentrations in shallow groundwater. The new findings provide the first evidence that short chain length n-alkyl compounds afforded a source of potential electron donors for microbially mediated As mobilization process in the shallow aquifers. Graphical abstract: Short chain length n -alkyl compounds act as electron donors during As mobilization process. Highlights: Organic matter in fine sand sediments and clay sediments had different sources. High arsenic aquifer sediments contained organic matter from terrestrial higher plants, microorganism and petroleum. Organic matter in sallow fine sand aquifer sediments underwent in-situ biodegradation. Short-chain alkyl compounds were vulnerable to biodegradation. Arsenic mobilization was induced during biodegradation of labile lipids.