Gut microbiota, hypertension and chronic kidney disease: Recent advances. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sircana, Antonio; De Michieli, Franco; Parente, Renato; Framarin, Luciana; Leone, Nicola; Berrutti, Mara; Paschetta, Elena; Bongiovanni, Daria; Musso, Giovanni
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 144(2019)
• Page Start: 390
• Page End: 408
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: HTN hypertension -- CKD chronic kidney disease -- BP blood pressure -- GM gut microbiota -- SCFAs short chain fatty acids -- R salt resistant -- S salt sensitive -- SHRs high salt diet rats -- WKY Wistar Kyoto rats -- Ang II angiotensin II -- OSA obstructive sleep apnea -- ESRD end-stage renal disease -- HD hemodialysis -- NO nitric oxide -- oxLDL LDL oxidated -- ETB endothelin receptor B -- ECs endothelial cells -- ETA endothelin receptor A -- VSMCs vascular smooth muscle cells -- GPR43 free fatty acid receptor 2 -- GPR41 free fatty acid receptor 3 -- Olfr78 olfactory receptor 78 -- GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1 -- TMA trimethylamine -- TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide -- FMO3 flavin monooxygenase 3 -- H2S hydrogen sulfate -- RAAS renin angiotensin aldosterone system -- BBB blood brain barrier -- LPS lipopolysaccharides -- ACE2 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 -- NHE3 sodium-proton exchanger subtype 3 -- IS indoxyl sulfate -- OAT1 anion transporter1 -- OAT 3 anion transporter3 -- NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B -- Egr1 early growth response protein 1 -- FMT fecal microbiota transplants -- GLP-2 glucagon-like-peptide 2 -- TLR toll like receptor -- IL interleukin -- TNF tumor necrosis factor -- TGF transforming growth factor -- ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers -- 11b-HSD 1 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 -- T2D type 2 diabetes mellitus -- GALFs glycerrhetinic acid-like factors -- eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase -- HFD high-fat diet -- LFD low-fat diet -- DIM diindolylmethane -- PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 -- MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -- SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 -- TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -- GLP-1 RA GLP-1 receptor agonists -- DPP-4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors -- DMB 3, 3-dimethyl-1-butanol; Ckd -- Blood pressure -- Inflammation -- TLR-4 -- GLP-1 -- Probiotics; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.013
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: A large number of different microbial species populates intestine. Extensive research has studied the entire microbial population and their genes (microbiome) by using metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomic analysis. Studies suggest that the imbalances of the microbial community causes alterations in the intestinal homeostasis, leading to repercussions on other systems: metabolic, nervous, cardiovascular, immune. These studies have also shown that alterations in the structure and function of the gut microbiota play a key role in the pathogenesis and complications of Hypertension (HTN) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Increased blood pressure (BP) and CKD are two leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their treatment represents a challenge for the clinicians. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms whereby gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites act on downstream cellular targets to contribute to the pathogenesis of HTN and CKD, and potential therapeutic implications.