In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a small-caliber coaxial electrospun vascular graft loaded with heparin and VEGF. (August 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hu, Yun-Tao; Pan, Xu-Dong; Zheng, Jun; Ma, Wei-Guo; Sun, Li-Zhong
• Is Part Of: International journal of surgery. Volume 44(2017)
• Page Start: 244
• Page End: 249
• Publication Date: 2017-08
• Subjects: Vasculargraft -- Electrospun -- Endothelialization -- Antithrombogenic -- Tissue engineering; Surgery -- Periodicals; Surgical Procedures, Operative -- Periodicals; 617.005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.077
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1743-9191

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: To date, clinically available expanded polytetrafluoro-ethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts are suboptimal for reconstructing small caliber (D < 6 mm) arteries, owing to thrombosis in early and restenosis in late stage. Our aim in this preliminary study was to fabricate a nano-fibrous vascular graft which was biofunctionalized with VEGF165 and heparin. The short term performance was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Method: Four-mm caliber grafts were prepared by the coaxial-elctrospun technique, which consisted of poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] collagen and elastin. Heparin and endothelial cell growth factor-165 (VEGF165 ) were encapsulated in the core of the fibrous. Controlled release of the heparin and VEGF165 were evaluated for 28 days. Endothelial cells were cultured on the electrospun grafts or ePTFE grafts as controls. The cellular adhesion, proliferation and morphology were examined. Electrospun or ePTFE grafts were randomly implanted into a rabbit infrarenal aortic replacement model (n = 30) for 28 days without any antiplatelet therapy. At the termination, all grafts were examined by Doppler ultrasound and then evaluated with histology and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The cumulative release amount of heparin (6.93 ± 1.03 mg) and VEGF165 (22.17 ± 5.56 μg) during 28 days were measured. Endothelial cells cultured on electrospun grafts showed significantly higher attachment efficiency and proliferation compared to the ePTFE ones ( P < 0.001). At 2 h more ECs had attached to the P(LLA-CL)/Collagen/Elatin grafts (83.26 ± 8.02%) compared to P(LLA-CL) (67.07 ± 4.16%) and ePTFE (46.87 ± 8.85%). ECs proliferated faster on VEGF loaded grafts (O.D = 2.9 ± 1.2, n = 12) compared to ePTFE (O.D = 1.7 ± 1.0, n = 12). The patency was significantly higher in electrospun grafts (86.6%) than ePTFE grafts (40.0%) ( P = 0.021). Correspondingly, the microscope images of electrospun implants showed little thrombus when compared with the ePTFE implants. Conclusion: Biofunctionalized electrospun graft showed surgical properties, hemocompatibility and higher short-term patency compared with the ePTFE grafts. Despite good early performances, profound study should be designed for long-term evaluation. Highlights: Coaxial electrospun fibrous is a feasible controlled releasing system for VEGF and heparin. Electrospun graft showed excellent surgical properties and hemocompatibility compared with the ePTFE grafts. P(LLA-CL)/collage/elastin electrospun graft are promising for small caliber vessel prosthesis.