Validation of SmartRank: A likelihood ratio software for searching national DNA databases with complex DNA profiles. (July 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Benschop, Corina C.G.; van de Merwe, Linda; de Jong, Jeroen; Vanvooren, Vanessa; Kempenaers, Morgane; (Kees) van der Beek, C.P.; Barni, Filippo; Reyes, Eusebio López; Moulin, Léa; Pene, Laurent; Haned, Hinda; Sijen, Titia
• Is Part Of: Forensic science international. Volume 29(2017)
• Page Start: 145
• Page End: 153
• Publication Date: 2017-07
• Subjects: Forensic science -- DNA database -- CODIS -- Likelihood ratio -- LRmix -- SmartRank; Forensic genetics -- Periodicals; Génétique légale -- Périodiques; Forensic genetics; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 614.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.04.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1872-4973

Abstract

Highlights: The SmartRank software was developed, extensively tested and validated. The methodology enables searching voluminous DNA databases with complex profiles. Applying SmartRank may provide investigative leads to criminal cases lacking a suspect. SmartRank goes beyond CODIS in complex profile searches. We provide guidelines when and how to use SmartRank for best results. Abstract: Searching a national DNA database with complex and incomplete profiles usually yields very large numbers of possible matches that can present many candidate suspects to be further investigated by the forensic scientist and/or police. Current practice in most forensic laboratories consists of ordering these 'hits' based on the number of matching alleles with the searched profile. Thus, candidate profiles that share the same number of matching alleles are not differentiated and due to the lack of other ranking criteria for the candidate list it may be difficult to discern a true match from the false positives or notice that all candidates are in fact false positives. SmartRank was developed to put forward only relevant candidates and rank them accordingly. The SmartRank software computes a likelihood ratio (LR) for the searched profile and each profile in the DNA database and ranks database entries above a defined LR threshold according to the calculated LR. In this study, we examined for mixed DNA profiles of variable complexity whether the true donors are retrieved, what the number of false positives above an LR threshold is and the ranking position of the true donors. Using 343 mixed DNA profiles over 750 SmartRank searches were performed. In addition, the performance of SmartRank and CODIS were compared regarding DNA database searches and SmartRank was found complementary to CODIS. We also describe the applicable domain of SmartRank and provide guidelines. The SmartRank software is open-source and freely available. Using the best practice guidelines, SmartRank enables obtaining investigative leads in criminal cases lacking a suspect.