The Role of the Subplate in Schizophrenia and Autism: A Systematic Review. (1st June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Serati, Marta; Delvecchio, Giuseppe; Orsenigo, Giulia; Mandolini, Gian Mario; Lazzaretti, Matteo; Scola, Elisa; Triulzi, Fabio; Brambilla, Paolo
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience. Volume 408(2019)
• Page Start: 58
• Page End: 67
• Publication Date: 2019-06-01
• Subjects: SP Subplate -- CP cortical plate -- IWMNs interstitial white matter neurons -- ASDs autism spectrum disorders -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- DTI diffusion tensor imaging -- MTI magnetization transfer imaging -- NeUN neuronal nuclear antigen -- MAP2 monoclonal antibody anti-microtuble associated protein 2 -- DPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; development -- cerebral cortex -- gray matter -- white matter -- magnetic resonance imaging -- subplate; Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; Neurophysiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurochimie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurochemistry; Neurophysiology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.049
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-4522

Abstract

Abstract: The subplate (SP) represents a transitory cytoarchitectural fetal compartment containing most subcortical and cortico-cortical afferents, and has a fundamental role in the structural development of the healthy adult brain. There is evidence that schizophrenia and autism may be determined by developmental defects in the cortex or cortical circuitry during the earliest stages of pregnancy. This article provides an overview on fetal SP development, considering its role in schizophrenia and autism, as supported by a systematic review of the main databases. The SP has been described as a cortical amplifier with a role in the coordination of cortical activity, and sensitive growth and migration windows have crucial consequences with respect to cognitive functioning. Although there are not enough studies to draw final conclusions, improved knowledge of the SP's role in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders may help to elucidate and possibly prevent the onset of these two severe disorders. Highlights: Subplate (SP) represents a transitory cytoarchitectonic fetal compartment. SP critical maturation period is between the 15th till 24th weeks after conception. SP is visible with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Fetal SP neurons surviving in postnatal period are visible in schizophrenia/autism with MRI. SP residual may alter cortical activity, ultimately affecting cognition.