BMP4 mutations in tooth agenesis and low bone mass. (July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yu, Miao; Wang, Hao; Fan, Zhuangzhuang; Xie, Chencheng; Liu, Haochen; Liu, Yang; Han, Dong; Wong, Sing-Wai; Feng, Hailan
• Is Part Of: Archives of oral biology. Volume 103(2019)
• Page Start: 40
• Page End: 46
• Publication Date: 2019-07
• Subjects: BMP4 -- Dental anomalies -- Tooth agenesis -- Osteopenia -- Osteoporosis; Mouth -- Periodicals; Mouth -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 617.6005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-9969

Abstract

Highlights: Heterozygous mutations of bone morphogenetic protein 4, encoded by BMP4, occur in 4.12% of non-syndromic oligodontia cases. Individuals with a BMP4 variant show a trait with full penetrance in tooth anomalies despite of variable expressivity. This is the first study that reports the presence of BMP4 mutations in humans with early onset osteopenia and osteoporosis. Abstract: Objective: To identify an uncommon genetic cause of tooth agenesis (TA) by utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 120 patients with isolated TA. Design: One deleterious mutation in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was identified in 6 unrelated patients with TA by WES. After that, the coding exons of BMP4 were examined in 114 TA patients using Sanger sequencing. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure the bone mineral density of patients who carried a BMP4 mutation. Finally, preliminary functional studies of two BMP4 mutants were performed. Results: We detected 3 novel missense mutations (c.58 G > A: p.Gly20Ser, c.326 G > T: p.Arg109Leu and c.614 T > C: p.Val205Ala) and 1 reported mutation in the BMP4 gene among 120 TA probands. The previously reported BMP4 mutation (c.751C > T: p.His251Tyr) was associated with urethra and eye anomalies. By extending the pedigrees, we determined that the tooth phenotypes had an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, as individuals carrying a BMP4 mutation exhibit different types of dental anomalies. Interestingly, we observed that patients harboring a BMP4 mutation manifested early onset osteopenia or osteoporosis. Further in vitro functional assays demonstrated that two BMP4 mutants resulted in a decreased activation of Smad signaling. Therefore, a loss-of-function in BMP4 may contribute to the clinical phenotypes seen in this study. Conclusions: We identified 4 mutations in the BMP4 gene in 120 TA patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe human skeletal diseases associated with BMP4 mutations.