Synthesis and Application of Methyl N, O‐Hydroxylamine Muramyl Peptides. (21st March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lazor, Klare M.; Zhou, Junhui; DeMeester, Kristen E.; D'Ambrosio, Elizabeth A.; Grimes, Catherine L.
• Is Part Of: Chembiochem. Volume 20:Number 11(2019)
• Page Start: 1369
• Page End: 1375
• Publication Date: 2019-03-21
• Subjects: methyl N, O-hydroxylamine -- muramyl dipeptide (MDP) -- NF-kappaB -- Nod2; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Pharmaceutical chemistry -- Periodicals; 572
• DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800731
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1439-4227

Abstract

Abstract: The innate immune system's interaction with bacterial cells plays a pivotal role in a variety of human diseases. Carbohydrate units derived from a component of bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan (PG), are known to stimulate an immune response. Nonetheless, access to modified late‐stage peptidoglycan intermediates is limited due to their synthetic complexity. A method to rapidly functionalize PG fragments is needed to better understand the natural host–PG interactions. Here methyl N, O ‐hydroxylamine linkers are incorporated onto a synthetic PG derivative, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The modification of MDP maintained the ability to stimulate a nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) immune response dependent on the expression of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 (Nod2). Intrigued by this modification's maintenance of biological activity, several applications were explored. Methyl N, O ‐hydroxylamine MDP was amendable to N ‐hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS) chemistry for bioconjugation to fluorophores as well as a self‐assembled monolayer for Nod2 surface plasmon resonance analysis. Finally, linker incorporation was applicable to larger PG fragments, both enzymatically generated from Escherichia coli or chemically synthesized. This methodology provides rapid access to PG probes in one step and allows for the installation of a variety of chemical handles to advance the molecular understanding of PG and the innate immune system. Abstract : Make a change : A facile approach to specifically modify fragments of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) and its derived immunostimulatory molecules is presented. N, O ‐hydroxylamine linkers are incorporated onto a synthetic PG derivative, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). This methodology provides rapid access to PG probes in one step.