Dealing with the Intractable: A Possible Negotiating Position for the New British Ambassador to Berlin, Summer 1933. Issue 4 (2nd October 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Steiner, Zara
• Is Part Of: Diplomacy and statecraft. Volume 28:Issue 4(2017)
• Page Start: 561
• Page End: 584
• Publication Date: 2017-10-02
• Subjects: Diplomacy -- Periodicals; World politics -- Periodicals; International relations -- Periodicals; 327
• DOI: 10.1080/09592296.2017.1386444
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-2296

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Foreign Office diplomats recognised the danger to British security posed by Adolph Hitler's accession to the chancellorship of Germany in January 1933 but differed on how to meet this challenge. This article reproduces the hitherto unpublished draft instructions prepared by Owen O'Malley, a ranking official at the Foreign Office, for the newly appointed ambassador to Germany, Sir Eric Phipps, on taking up his posting in autumn 1933. Sir Robert Vansittart, the permanent under secretary, who took a sceptical but not entirely hostile view of O'Malley's proposals, minutes O'Malley's suggestion of a clear warning to Hitler, accompanied by the opening of negotiations with Nazi Germany recognising its enhanced position and the justice of some of its claims. Vansittart did not forward the draft memorandum to the foreign secretary, Sir John Simon, and there is, as far as I know, no copy of this in the public archives. Included is additional information on the clashes between the two men on how dictators should be treated as well as biographical information on the careers of the three men involved in this debate.