Being women in a male preserve: an ethnography of female football ultras. Issue 3 (3rd April 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pitti, Ilaria
• Is Part Of: Journal of gender studies. Volume 28:Issue 3(2019)
• Page Start: 318
• Page End: 329
• Publication Date: 2019-04-03
• Subjects: Female fans -- ultras -- football -- ethnography -- male dominance -- gender relationships; Feminism -- Periodicals; Women -- Periodicals; Gender identity -- Periodicals; Sex role -- Periodicals; Sexual orientation -- Periodicals; Féminisme -- Périodiques; Femmes -- Périodiques; Identité sexuelle -- Périodiques; Rôle selon le sexe -- Périodiques; Orientation sexuelle -- Périodiques; 305.3
• DOI: 10.1080/09589236.2018.1443803
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0958-9236

Abstract

Abstract: This article looks at the characteristics of contemporary sports audiences from the perspective of gender, focusing on the phenomenon of female ultras or 'professional' football fans. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in an Italian football ultras group composed of male and female fans, this paper offers an analysis of female participation in communities of organized supporters. In examining the role and position of women inside the considered group, the paper pays attention to their perception of the existing gender differences showing how female ultras explain inequalities on the basis of 'natural' and 'innate' differences and capacities between men and women. Existing patterns of male dominance are supported by female fans' own discourses and performance of their gender identity in the 'male preserve'. Rather than questioning male dominance and gender hierarchies, female supporters' efforts appear aimed at being recognized as ultras 'despite being women'.