Ferrous and non-ferrous recycling: Challenges and potential technology solutions. (15th February 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brooks, Leslie; Gaustad, Gabrielle; Gesing, Adam; Mortvedt, Teija; Freire, Felipe
• Is Part Of: Waste management. Volume 85(2019)
• Page Start: 519
• Page End: 528
• Publication Date: 2019-02-15
• Subjects: Recycling -- Secondary production -- Positive material identification -- Steel -- Aluminum; ASR automotive shredder residue -- CCD charged couple device -- C&D construction and demolition debris -- DE-XRT dual energy X-ray transmission -- EAF electric arc furnace -- ECR eddy current rotor -- EDXRF energy dispersive XRF -- ELV end-of-life vehicle scrap -- HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning -- IR infrared -- Laser light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation -- LIBS laser induced breakdown spectroscopy -- LIDAR light detection and ranging -- LOD limit of detection -- MRF materials recovery facility -- MSW municipal solid waste -- NF non-ferrous -- NIR near infrared -- OES optical emission spectroscopy -- PGNAA prompt gamma neutron activation analysis -- PMI positive material identification -- RDF refuse derived fuels -- RoHs restriction of hazardous substances -- SDD silicon drift detector -- SG specific gravity -- Si -PIN silicon drift diode intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region -- SS stainless steel -- ToF time of flight -- WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment -- WDXRF wavelength dispersive XRF -- WtE waste-to-energy -- XRF X-ray fluorescence; Hazardous wastes -- Periodicals; Refuse and refuse disposal -- Periodicals; 363.728
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.043
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0956-053X

Abstract

Highlights: Increasing product complexity metals causes mounting challenges to the scrap industry. Inbound inspection and identification can be improved with technology solutions. Sensor based technologies combined with physical diversion are optimal. Large volume yards gain the most from technical interventions. Abstract: Metals recycling is one of the oldest industries in the United States that now employs over 530, 000 individuals. It has always played a significant role in the economy, supplied extensive goods and services, and the costs and benefits directly and/or indirectly extend worldwide. Improved efficiency in metals recycling is crucial to achieving a more circular economy; to enable this requires understanding how the industry operates and the challenges it must overcome. Increasing metal product diversity and design complexity combined with increased feed volumes has introduced recent additional challenges. This review explores the current status and state of the industry and examines potential technology solutions that address inbound inspection and material identification challenges.