Controversy Over Voluntary Environmental Standards: A Socioeconomic Analysis of the Marine Stewardship Council. (June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wijen, Frank; Chiroleu-Assouline, Mireille
• Other Names: Delmas Magali A. guest-editor.; Lyon Thomas P. guest-editor.; Maxwell John W. guest-editor.
• Is Part Of: Organization & environment. Volume 32:Number 2(2019:Apr.)
• Page Start: 98
• Page End: 124
• Publication Date: 2019-06
• Subjects: certification -- competition -- conflict -- controversy -- environmental governance -- label -- Marine Stewardship Council -- nongovernmental organization -- self-regulation -- standard; Associations, institutions, etc -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Business enterprises -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environmental responsibility -- Periodicals; Sustainability -- Periodicals; 658.408305
• DOI: 10.1177/1086026619831449
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1086-0266

Abstract

Voluntary standards certifying environmental qualities of labeled products have proliferated across sectors and countries. Effectuating these standards requires the collaboration among and between creators (typically firms and nongovernmental organizations) and adopters (firms across a particular supply chain). However, the need to collaborate does not rule out the presence of controversy. Drawing on the case of the Marine Stewardship Council, a leading seafood standard to conserve the world's threatened marine fauna, we analyze how this controversy, from economic and sociologic vantage points, impacts a sustainability transition. In essence, interest divergence drives controversy over standard design, which spurs controversy over standard effectiveness and prompts the proliferation of competing standards. Controversy is magnified by the opacity or nontransparency of the fields which such standards seek to govern. We conclude that, while interest divergence and field opacity entail inherent controversy over voluntary environmental standards, the impact of this controversy on sustainability transitions is typically predominantly positive.