Cardenolides: Insights from chemical structure and pharmacological utility. (March 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: El-Seedi, Hesham R.; Khalifa, Shaden A.M.; Taher, Eman A.; Farag, Mohamed A.; Saeed, Aamer; Gamal, Mohamed; Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F.; Youssef, Diaa; Musharraf, Syed G.; Alajlani, Muaaz M.; Xiao, Jianbo; Efferth, Thomas
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 141(2019)
• Page Start: 123
• Page End: 175
• Publication Date: 2019-03
• Subjects: ChemGPS-NP chemical global positioning system-natural products -- CC column chromatography -- CGs cardiac glycosides -- COSY correlation spectroscopy -- DEPT distortionless enhancement polarization transfer -- GC gas chromatography -- HMBC heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation -- HMQC heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation -- HSQC heteronuclear single-quantum correlation -- MPLC medium-pressure liquid chromatography -- MS mass spectrometry -- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance -- NOESY nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy -- NP natural product -- PCA principal component analysis -- ROESY rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy -- SMILES simplified molecular-input line-entry system -- TOCSY total correlation spectroscopy -- VLC vacuum liquid chromatography; Cardiac glycosides -- Chemical property space -- Isolation -- Heart failure; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of naturally occurring steroid-like compounds, and members of this class have been in clinical use for more than 1500 years. They have been used in folk medicine as arrow poisons, abortifacients, heart tonics, emetics, and diuretics as well as in other applications. The major use of CGs today is based on their ability to inhibit the membrane-bound Na + /K + -ATPase enzyme, and they are regarded as an effective treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, increasing evidence has indicated the potential cytotoxic effects of CGs against various types of cancer. In this review, we highlight some of the structural features of this class of natural products that are crucial for their efficacy, some methods of isolating these compounds from natural resources, and the structural elucidation tools that have been used. We also describe their physicochemical properties and several modern biotechnological approaches for preparing CGs that do not require plant sources.