Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor and Retinoic X Receptor in Alcoholic Liver Disease. (14th September 2009)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mello, Tommaso; Polvani, Simone; Galli, Andrea
• Other Names: Hardwick James P. Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: PPAR research. Volume 2009(2009)
• Publication Date: 2009-09-14
• Subjects: Peroxisomes -- Periodicals; Peroxisomal disorders -- Periodicals; 571.65505
• DOI: 10.1155/2009/748174
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1687-4757

Abstract

Abstract : A growing number of new studies demonstrate that nuclear receptors are involved in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Ethanol metabolism and RXR/PPAR functions are tightly interconnected in the liver. Several ethanol metabolizing enzymes are potently regulated by RXR and PPARα after alcohol consumption. The increased ethanol metabolism, in turn, leads to alteration of the redox balance of the cells and impairment of RXR/PPAR functions by direct and indirect effects of acetaldehyde, resulting in deranged lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. The use of animal models played a crucial role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of ALD. In this paper we summarize the reciprocal interactions between ethanol metabolism and RXR/PPAR functions. In conclusion, RXR and PPAR play a central role in the onset and perpetuation of the mechanisms underling all steps of the clinical progression in ALD.