Adjunctive gentamicin did not improve outcome of enterococcal bacteraemia in neutropenic patients: a propensity scored matched study. Issue 6 (3rd June 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jent, Philipp; Thalmann, Laura; Pabst, Thomas; Droz, Sara; Sendi, Parham
• Is Part Of: Infectious diseases. Volume 51:Issue 6(2019)
• Page Start: 409
• Page End: 416
• Publication Date: 2019-06-03
• Subjects: Febrile neutropenia -- haematologic malignancy -- enterococcal bacteraemia -- combination therapy -- aminoglycosides; Communicable diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable Diseases -- Periodicals; Communicable diseases; Periodicals; 616.9
• DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1581946
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2374-4235

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Patients with haematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy have a high risk of developing febrile neutropenia and bloodstream infections. The benefit of adjunctive gentamicin treatment for enterococcal bloodstream infections is debated. In this study, we compare the treatment outcome of a cell wall-active antibiotic with and without gentamicin for enterococcal bacteraemia in patients with neutropenia. Methods: The observational study was performed from 1999 through 2016. Patients with bacteraemia due to non-high level gentamicin-resistant enterococci were included. Analyses were performed in two data sets of episodes with enterococcal bacteraemia. One data set consisting of all included episodes (full cohort, n = 154) and one with propensity score-matched episodes ( n = 96). The primary endpoint was death within 30 days, and the secondary outcomes were defervescence and persistence of enterococcal bloodstream infection after initiation of anti-enterococcal therapy. Results: Episodes with gentamicin treatment ( n = 82, full cohort; n = 48, propensity score-matched cohort) were comparable with episodes without gentamicin treatment ( n = 72, full cohort; n = 48, propensity score-matched cohort) with regard to patient- and disease-related characteristics. Enterococcus faecium (40.9%) was the most frequently isolated organism. In the propensity score-matched cohort, there was no difference in 30-days mortality (14.6% in episodes with gentamicin versus 16.7% in episodes without gentamicin, p = 1), median time to defervescence (1 versus 2 days, p = .37) or persistence of enterococcal bloodstream infection for ≥72 h (9.4% versus 7.5%, p = 1). Conclusions: In our study with neutropenic patients, treatment with a cell wall-active antibiotic without adjunctive gentamicin for episodes with enterococcal bloodstream infection was as effective as combination therapy with gentamicin.