Open defecation explains differences in nutritional status between Bengali and tribal children in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Issue 5 (4th July 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sinharoy, Sheela S.; Waid, Jillian L.; Freeman, Matthew C.; Stein, Aryeh D.
• Is Part Of: Ethnicity & health. Volume 24:Issue 5(2019)
• Page Start: 575
• Page End: 587
• Publication Date: 2019-07-04
• Subjects: Bangladesh -- tribal -- nutrition -- stunting -- sanitation; Ethnic groups -- Health and hygiene -- Periodicals; Ethnic groups -- Medical care -- Periodicals; Medical care -- Cross-cultural studies -- Periodicals; Ethnic Groups -- periodicals; Delivery of Health Care -- periodicals; Social Sciences -- periodicals; 362.1089
• DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1346186
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1355-7858

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objective: We describe differences in linear growth as measured by height-for-age z -score (HAZ) between children from Bengali and tribal populations in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and examine factors associated with HAZ in both groups. Design: We used nutritional surveillance data collected in Bangladesh from 2003 to 2006 to analyze HAZ among 12, 006 children aged 6–23 months and conducted multivariate linear regression and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to quantify the relative contribution of independent variables to differences in HAZ between Bengali and tribal children. Results: Mean HAZ was stable for Bengali children (−1.88 in 2003 to −1.90 in 2006) but improved for tribal children (−1.87 in 2003 to −1.68 in 2006). The difference between groups was significant across the study period ( p = 0.008). Among Bengali children, HAZ was positively associated with father's schooling ( β = 0.221; 95% CI: 0.079–0.363). Among tribal children, HAZ was positively associated with consumption of animal source foods ( β = 0.073; 95% CI: 0.051–0.096) and goat ownership ( β = 0.240; 95% CI: 0.025–0.454). Results of a likelihood ratio test indicated that distance to a health center was inversely associated with HAZ among tribal children ( p < 0.001). Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition demonstrated a difference in pooled coefficients between groups ( p = 0.004), explained primarily by differences in coefficients for paternal education ( p = 0.001) and village-level prevalence of open defecation ( p = 0.004). Conclusions: Different responses among Bengali and tribal children to village-level open defecation are an explanatory factor for the difference in HAZ between Bengali and tribal populations. Open defecation may also act a proxy for unmeasured factors such as household environmental conditions and food hygiene. Abbreviations: Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT); height-for-age z-scores (HAZ); Nutrition Surveillance Project (NSP); World Health Organization (WHO)